The Cynical Historian

It’s been a decade since I fought in Afghanistan, and a decade before that began. Yet somehow, we’re still fighting there. Perhaps we’re finally the end of it, but the beginning is so far away that I think we need to re-examine what caused it. Hikma's video: https://youtu.be/0MxjdZEwzGs ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: Is Afghanistan the longest war in US history? https://youtu.be/i6kjxw_MJYE 12 Strong: https://youtu.be/l_6IFAcH7N8 The Outpost: https://youtu.be/dvwH-R2Xk8I Autobiography: https://youtu.be/q-xUz6POwGA Lone Survivor: https://youtu.be/IJgjS19JpHg ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses, and errata ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History ------------------------------------------------------------ Wiki: The war on terror, also known as the Global War on Terrorism and U.S. War on Terror, is an international military campaign launched by the United States government after the September 11 attacks.[33] The targets of the campaign are primarily Sunni Islamic fundamentalist armed groups located throughout the Muslim world, with the most prominent groups being Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State, the Taliban, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, and the various franchise groups of the former two organizations. The naming of the campaign uses a metaphor of war to refer to a variety of actions th

Though the specter of "patriotic education" is behind us, it has left a wake of destruction worthy of a follow-up to our previous talk on the matter. This is going to be a wild ride through the last spasm of a defunct ideology. Joining the chat today is Grant, The Casual Historian: https://www.youtube.com/user/GrantGHurst EmperorTigerstar: https://www.youtube.com/user/EmperorTigerstar Matt, or Mr. Beat: https://www.youtube.com/user/iammrbeat Sami, US101: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB00L77s7NdrhlWxi9UU14Q Heimler History: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvVETfjOgVmBlTcxA-NU2HA ------------------------------------------------------------ Chapter markers (if I ever get good timestamps for them): ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/

Thanks to CuriosityStream for sponsoring this video. Goto https://curiositystream.com/cynicalhistorian and use code CynicalHistorian to get a year for $15 #ProjectShoah playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZaOylOgJT-op_3d-UJebBuzRUSEe0Gi Today is Holocaust Remembrance Day, so I think it’s finally time to review Schindler’s List. It’s honestly one of the best movies I’ve reviewed on this channel. The only significant issue is with omissions, which I don’t really find much of a problem. ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses, and errata ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History ------------------------------------------------------------ Wiki: Schindler's List is a 1993 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. It is based on the 1982 non-fiction novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally. The film follows Oskar Schindler, a German industrialist who together with his wife Emilie Schindler saved more than a thousand mostly Polish-Jewish refugees from the Holocaust by employing them in his factories during World War II. It stars Liam Neeson as Schindler, Ralph Fiennes as SS officer Amon Göth and Ben Kingsley as Schindler's Jewish accountant Itzhak Stern. Ideas for a film about the Schindlerjuden (Schindler Jews) were proposed as early as 1963.

Given recent events, I think it's time to grasp a bit of history about US insurrections. Far from being exceptional, these events are almost commonplace in American history, the problem is, we all thought we were done with this kind of unrest. ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: 0:05 - last week's episode: https://youtu.be/rUGIHFdx5CA 5:55 - 1920 vs. 2020: https://youtu.be/A-ulRXuxw3c 6:05 - race riots: https://youtu.be/tAbkCU5nBhM 6:05 - police: https://youtu.be/HehnDHNoItk 8:55 - filibusters: https://youtu.be/3oWFi8XLVhc 8:55 - Walker: https://youtu.be/DqOC2f4zee4 8:55 - vigilantism: https://youtu.be/RfceCvtEMJ4 18.55 - Philippines: https://youtu.be/mmYk0xxjDDA 20:50 - filibusters: https://youtu.be/3oWFi8XLVhc 20:50 - stars on flags: https://youtu.be/natx2c0kkXs 23:15 - Philippines: https://youtu.be/mmYk0xxjDDA 24:25 - Lost Cause: https://youtu.be/5EOhXF5lNgQ 25:15 - Sectional Crisis: https://youtu.be/Ff2AKILyi0o 26:45 - police: https://youtu.be/HehnDHNoItk 28:15 - bury my heart at wounded knee: https://youtu.be/4CwNgWCSA90 29:10 - Lincoln County: https://youtu.be/thDLWcWcFtc 32:15 - Lost Cause: https://youtu.be/5EOhXF5lNgQ 38:10 - US veterans history: https://youtu.be/ANUqaNykuRs ------------------------------------------------------------ Lists of US insurrection-adjacent stuff: Civil unrest: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_civil_unrest_in_the_United_States Rebellions: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rebellions_in_the_United_States Racial upheavals: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_racial_violence_in_the_United_States Conflicts: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jlkz3eIQ0dH4SwzfezuZJw7ypUQ3QyReIliePi91Acg/edit?usp=sharing Just a few books out of many that influenced this: Hugh Davis Graham and Ted Robert Gurr eds., _Violence in America: Historical and Comparative Perspectives; A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Preventi

Project Demon-etized playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wV1uLQ-Tsj5LbMxMvLVv1nN Soliloquy: https://www.youtube.com/user/Soliloquy084 History and Headlines: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ38_Et4NgYVS7MpwbXy-3Q EdYouToo: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvENvlGtbVxgdrDu39IUB3Q TREY the Explainer: https://www.youtube.com/user/GamerCreator12345 Despite their guidelines making clear exceptions for historical content, they’ve repeatedly suppressed HistoryTuber videos, and it is time to raise awareness. Also, since this is not just a problem for my channel, but for all HistoryTubers, I’ve created a playlist called Project Demonized that may add more videos in the future, for those who wish to voice their concerns in a separate video. This is a community that is under attack by the very platform that proclaims its support. I have a lot to say and very little time to put it together ------------------------------------------------------------ chapters and related vids (notice the name changes): 0:00 intro 1:50 overall argument 6:00 before 2017 6:45 ad-pocalypse 8:00 demonetization and suppression playlist of my wrongfully demonetized videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wUWJt6-1-dlVWrPfD4-lpOk 9:35 my viral video slave myths: https://youtu.be/R1FO9MqWugY 10:50 platform and "free speech" 12:00 mass-flagging live discussion of this kind of history: https://youtu.be/EHG_1efRBc0 D&@th of Stalin: https://youtu.be/KiOsPpvuYuk Lost C@use: https://youtu.be/5EOhXF5lNgQ Soviet Myths: https://youtu.be/97qO3g5MGmc 15:00 manual review feminism: https://youtu.be/IK-Qechh_Ec 13 hours: https://youtu.be/yCAJH6_SqmQ Snowden: https://youtu.be/S0_sM7wbPo0 US Veterans: https://youtu.be/ANUqaNykuRs 17:00 sneak demonetization diatribe on that: https://youtu.be/nrAFP0RumZI Vegas conference paper: https://youtu.be/qY6A-3bIRcE Hotel Rwanda: https://youtu.be/0c4Qr4RS_qY Pearl Harbor: https://youtu.be

I’m still on hiatus, but since we had that discussion awhile back about the 1776 report, I actually prepared for it by live-streaming me reading it on Twitch. That was a lotta fun, so I’ve cut together the streams into this long video. My RAM was apparently going bad during these streams, so excuse the times where I cut out. Also, for some more random fun, be sure to check out my Twitch, which is linked in the description. Anyways, here goes several hours of me reading some of the worst history we’ve seen emanate from the White House since Woodrow Wilson was there. ------------------------------------------------------------ panel discussion on the 1776 report: https://youtu.be/EHG_1efRBc0 ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

There are several interesting parallels to a century ago. 1920 and 2020 have many striking similarities. Spanish Flu, WWI, a Return to Normalcy, and current events rhyme together like strange repetitions This is an update to a previous video, which you may find here: https://youtu.be/A-ulRXuxw3c ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos race riots: https://youtu.be/tAbkCU5nBhM discussion of the 1619/1776 projects: https://youtu.be/XLH1iy7F-zw , https://youtu.be/EHG_1efRBc0 insurrections: https://youtu.be/x6ZuwPU6Hqo reading the 1776 project: https://youtu.be/LaHTFKHPgoA police things I can't say for the algorithm: https://youtu.be/HehnDHNoItk WILSOOOON! https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXmCcEx0vfIim_jFMkgtLmS Allied intervention in Russia: https://youtu.be/1mC1bmzbgxY Olympics history: https://youtu.be/WHGYFmK5t9U 1919: https://youtu.be/S4Pi2nYcYNw Crime drop: https://youtu.be/VghFszohPRM more on women's suffrage: https://youtu.be/IK-Qechh_Ec ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian LET'S CONNECT: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/

This video has been demonetized by YouTube because of audio quoted in the video, so please consider donating to my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian It has come to a point where it seems like the political parties live in completely separate realities, let alone the same country. In order to understand this problem, we have to go all the way back to the beginnings of the party system we inhabit today. Now technically we’re in what’s called the “6th Party System,” which began somewhere between 1968 and 1981, depending on which scholar you ask. But it’s my intent with this to show that it is much more deeply rooted. - that the 6th Party System makes the US inherently more partisan year after year, not because of some particular party, politician, or even differing beliefs - but because the system itself is founded in partisanship more than ideology. This is going to be a long journey. Honest historians argue about more substantive things like how or when the Party Switch came about and what it entails, which is what today’s episode is about. US political polarization playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXxGRwtV4EGk_vuAH2VkODS ------------------------------------------------------------ 11:10 - workday not week (thx Liam O'Toole) ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: 4:10 - WILSOOOON! playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXmCcEx0vfIim_jFMkgtLmS 4:25 - Lost Cause Myth: https://youtu.be/5EOhXF5lNgQ 5:20 - 12 annoyances for historians: https://youtu.be/4J6IPhEkYmo 6:50 - sectional crisis: https://youtu.be/Ff2AKILyi0o 11:35 - Wilson pt.1: https://youtu.be/Hm0Gzz53YJo 11:35 - Wilson pt.2: https://youtu.be/3hRd8B_vZiA 11:50 - WILSOOOON! playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXmCcEx0vfIim_jFMkgtLmS ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for notes, responses, and er

Common knowledge is simply "Widely-known, generally-accepted information" -Chicago Manual of Style. But it is a lot more complicated than that. It's common to whom? ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: 0:30 - demonetized playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wUWJt6-1-dlVWrPfD4-lpOk 0:35 - YouTube suppresses history: https://youtu.be/-vRGguUJIx8 1:50 - Las Vegas history playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wWlBIcN6Xq0oJgMyEIoFrzw 3:00 - Bugsy: https://youtu.be/4nhlqQ5qFf8 5:30 - Frontier Thesis: https://youtu.be/oa5M0B7sb5U ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ ------------------------------------------------------------ Wiki: Common knowledge is knowledge that is known by everyone or nearly everyone, usually with reference to the community in which the term is used. Common knowledge need not concern one specific subject, e.g., science or history. Rather, common knowledge can be about a broad range of subjects, such as science, literature, history, and entertainment. Often, common knowledge does not need to be cited. Common knowledge is distinct from general knowledge. In broader terms, common knowledge is used to refer to information that a reader would accept as valid, such as information that many users may know. As an example, this type of information may include the temperature in which water freezes or boils. To determine if information should be considered common knowledge,

Culture became a battleground in America throughout the second half of the twentieth century. From the Counterculture, New Left, Neoconservativism, and Religious Right - these clashes came to define a new political system that developed by 1980 which we still inhabit in the United States. This was what Prussians called kulturkampf, or culture war, which continues unabated to this day. US political polarization playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXxGRwtV4EGk_vuAH2VkODS ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: 0:30 - Rise of the New Left: https://youtu.be/fLxPUcZKFuY 1:15 - A Conversation on “Patriotic Education": https://youtu.be/XLH1iy7F-zw 1:15 - Reading the 1776 Report: https://youtu.be/LaHTFKHPgoA 1:15 - Academic Bias (w/ Step Back History): https://youtu.be/IKHpBsCMBxo 1:15 - Discussing Teaching US History in 2021: https://youtu.be/EHG_1efRBc0 1:40 - party switch: https://youtu.be/hBHHIJG8Rds 2:20 , 2:45 - YouTube's suppression of history: https://youtu.be/-vRGguUJIx8 3:35 - on Kennedy and the New Deal: https://youtu.be/ZNxWTiDrgR8 4:35 - party switch: https://youtu.be/hBHHIJG8Rds 7:25 - 1968 rise of the New Left: https://youtu.be/fLxPUcZKFuY 8:25 - race riots: https://youtu.be/tAbkCU5nBhM 9:35 - history of feminism: https://youtu.be/IK-Qechh_Ec 14:20 - history of Hollywood: https://youtu.be/ilFzX8ggXeo 15:15 - historical revisionism: https://youtu.be/xQGs3eYxGRw ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses, and errata ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv

This is the week-8 lecture for my US History (1877-present) course. As such it covers the Great Depression and New Deal. Following lectures on WWII: https://youtu.be/hQZSAbiK2Cs Cold War: https://youtu.be/m4Dfe-gn_Fs ------------------------------------------------------------ Assigned primary-source readings: Herbert Hoover, “Principles and Ideals of the United States Government,” 22 October 1928, http://www.americanyawp.com/reader/22-the-new-era/herbert-hoover-principles-and-ideals-of-the-united-states-government-1928/ Franklin D. Roosevelt, Second Inaugural Address, 20 January 1937, http://www.americanyawp.com/reader/23-the-great-depression/second-inaugural-address-of-franklin-d-roosevelt-1937/ ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses, and errata ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/

Neoliberalism is why we’ve become so unequal over the course of this party system. As a result, the US is more divided politically than most of us can remember. I'm a cultural historian, as in I study the cultural significance of historical events, so it pains me to admit this, but the economy has more influence than anything else upon political opinions, so neoliberalism is the most important component of America's political polarization. characteristics that unify neoliberals which are: -emphasis of individuality and rejection of groups -market liberalism and fiscal conservatism (which are kinda the same thing) -privatization of public goods and infrastructure -deregulating any corporations -austerity measures against welfare -and free trade agreements which allow for more rapid globalization *errata* 7:00 Hayek was the oldest man ever, lol, but actually born in 1899-1992 (thx Joshua Bell) ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: 1:35 - US political polarization playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXxGRwtV4EGk_vuAH2VkODS 10:25 - Race Riots: https://youtu.be/tAbkCU5nBhM 10:30 - Detroit: https://youtu.be/-aWoe17Fa0k 14:30 - WILSOOOON! playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXmCcEx0vfIim_jFMkgtLmS 14:40 - police militarization: https://youtu.be/HehnDHNoItk 19:30 - anti-conspiracism playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wWS-H7U62SqWWEA-y2eqzoQ 24:00 - what caused the GWOT: https://youtu.be/7Nwe0ehW2nY 35:35 - Party Switch: https://youtu.be/hBHHIJG8Rds 35:40 - Culture War: https://youtu.be/tppeGYoWDxg ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for notes, responses, and errata *References* Moreton Bethany, _To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise_ (Cambridge, Mass.; Harvard University Press, 2009). https://amzn.to/33uFrmn Jefferson Cowie, _The Great

Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy I’m gonna try something a little different. This is a YouTube short, and I’m going to be coming out with a series of these that are essentially a bunch of rapid-fire historiographies, kinda like taking a historiography class in minute sized chunks. Each bite-sized chunk will cover a different school of historical thought, and once I’m done, I’ll combine them all into a normally oriented episode. This should be fun. ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

The first historians came in Greece during the 5th Century before Christ. Herodotus described the past in an entertaining, if not so accurate narrative. His successor, Thucydides, used more rigor and analysis to tell the story of the Peloponnesian War, which he had participated in. These two lit the way for future historians by showing what history is and how to write it. The word story and history derive from the same root, so history is just telling a true story, whether in the Herodotus fashion of entertaining narrative or Thucydides’s more analytical and accurate fashion. For the next couple millennia, this was the primary divide between historians. In the ancient world, they are pretty much our sole sources. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Herodotus books: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/828 Thucydides books: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2352 ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

In the medieval world, after the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th-century AD, monkish devotion to writing gave more sources and created chroniclers. Much like the annals of Rome, chroniclers simply made timelines, as in a list of dates and events with no attempt to connect these things. Chroniclers are not historians, for they are not telling a story, but they formed the basis of many historians who studied chronicles while in their monastic orders throughout the middle ages, such as the Venerable Bede. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Something changed around the beginning of the Renaissance. As scholars began to devote their pursuits to a more varied set of objectives, a plethora of sources came about. Historians still argue over the divide between the Medieval and Modern Eras. It depends on how one defines the difference. Normally, the time between the Renaissance and Age of Revolutions which began in the mid 18th Century is the demarcation for the Early Modern Era. From there onto the World Wars is the High Modern Era, and from there onto the present is called Contemporary History. In modern times, there’s far more literacy and writing, the printing press to spread ideas, a push for advancement both socially and scientifically, while also more interconnectedness around the world. So defining when that starts could be the Fall of Constantinople, the invention of the printing press, or when Columbus reported his landing in the New World. Because of this break in sourcing and general public disposition, historians generally divide themselves between medievalists and modernists, as in those who study the past before or after that hazily defined periodization. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

The channel hit 200k subs this week, so I'm going to do a live Q&A. First I'll answer some questions from my Patreon supporters, and then take questions from the chat. If anyone has timestamps for each question answered, comment it below and I'll pin it. ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Good Lord Bird is an awesome show, and I’m surprised it isn’t getting a lot of attention. While no one can deny John Brown was fighting for a noble cause, he absolutely did so ignobly. The man committed atrocities in abolition’s name, but in his long afterlife, much of the public has expunged the brutality and foolishness of his actions from their minds, forming a myth. Brown is more of a symbol than a flesh and blood historical character, and that is precisely what he would’ve wanted. ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: Gold Rush: https://youtu.be/W1dmyx6LBKA sectional crisis: https://youtu.be/Ff2AKILyi0o second great awakening: https://youtu.be/0AwHLRqX3Qk unitarians: https://youtu.be/5B8vgdS8ikU limits of film accuracy: https://youtu.be/Ek88jgEsXgA ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses, and errata *Bibliography* *Secondary sources:* Durwood Ball, _Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861_ (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001). https://amzn.to/2m06NLB Stanley Harrold, _Border War: Fighting over Slavery before the Civil War_ (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2010). https://amzn.to/2xbEKSp David M. Potter, _The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861,_ Reprint (1976; New York: Harper Perennial, 2011). https://amzn.to/3aeYy5q Reggie Ugwu, “How Accurate Was ‘The Good Lord Bird’?” _New York Times,_ 17 November 2020. https://slate.com/culture/2020/10/good-lord-bird-showtime-accuracy-fact-fiction.html https://slate.com/culture/2020/10/good-lord-bird-frederick-douglass-historical-accuracy.html *Primary sources:* Brown’s last speech: https://ap.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/content-images/05508.051p1.jpg Sources on the trial and investigation of Brown: https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/john-browns-body-lesson-primary-sou

During the Enlightenment, some people who had leisure time chose to study the past. They applied ideas like rationalism and empiricism to the craft of history. These antiquarians were not professional historians, more of hobbyists. But they began to develop a style of history more recognizable to scholars today. This included citing one’s sources for the sake of veracity, using a paucity of perspectives to interrogate a subject, and finding new materials to shed light on previously unknown topics. This led to a swath of lay-historians, most prominent of which was Edward Gibbon, who used some newly dug up sources and a plethora of ancient historians to write his magisterial The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire in six volumes. Though antiquarians sometimes rose to such venerable heights, they were just making it up as they went along. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Here's Gibbon's books: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/375 ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

As more and more antiquarians wrote history in the 19th-century, universities began to give history degrees. Alongside this professionalization, historians took on standards for their scholarship. The most fundamental figure of this transformation was Leopold von Ranke, who really pushed a reliance on primary sources, good argumentation, and proper citation. Some even pretended this was “scientific” and “objective.” Professional historians were still beholden to the whims of their day. This process played a key role in nationalism by making histories about their nation, extending its existence backward well beyond the limits of common ethnicity. Many historical associations were founded as a nation-building project, and they all relied on a German philosopher’s view of history. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ A couple of Ranke's works: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/33393 ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Join us live; while we discuss the need for more historical scholars to engage with YouTube and New Media in general. This is the frontier of history, where the fight for its interpretation is waged against the hordes of disinformation out there, yet scholars remain their ivory tower. How do we get them to come down and engage with the masses, or is that even a good idea? Please note that we will not be taking many questions from live-chat and this discussion does not necessarily pertain to other subject specialties. Be sure to check out the folks joining me in this roundtable discussion: -Mark Hall-Patton (AKA “The Beard of Knowledge”) the retired Clark County (NV) museum system administrator -Atun-Shei Films: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0_CTubjGeDth7X0bxUTBTA -Mr. Beat: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmYesELO6axBrCuSpf7S9DQ -Alliterative / The Endless Knot: https://youtube.com/user/Alliterative -World of Antiquity: https://youtube.com/worldofantiquity If anyone has timestamps for the parts of this when we’re done, that would be greatly appreciated!

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was kind of the figurehead of many romantic philosophers who theorized a way of understanding what the spirit of the times is or was, also known as the zeitgeist. A status quo gave rise to its opposition, eventually resolving into a new norm that incorporated both. This is called the hegelian dialectic, where you have a thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. So the French Revolution was merely the rise of an opposition to aristocracy, resolving with Napoleon taking on the role of both. This dialectic was the zeitgeist, and the nation-state was the ultimate destination. Historians who use this theory believe that history is always progressing, that the zeitgeist is always improving, and the arrow of history points toward liberal democracy. More civil rights, scientific advancement, technological improvements, and increasing nation-states around the world reinforce this view of perpetual progress. They are called “whigs,” though I rather like the term “chronological snobbery,” for whig historians are rather presumptive of what is good. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Hegel's books: https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2161 ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Karl Marx theorized that the driver of history was not nations and instead were class struggle. The material circumstances of people’s economic position determined their lives more than anything else. So in his view, the French Revolution resulted in the rise of the bourgeoisie (as in the middle-class) to dominance, beginning the era of capitalism. Ancient history was defined by rulers' exploiting slaves, medieval times by aristocrats’ exploiting peasantry, and modernity by the bourgeoisie exploiting urban labor, also known as proletarians. Every time a lower class would rise up in defiance of the upper class, it would result in a new upper and lower class. Marx believed that the next revolution would result in a proletariat dictatorship, and this would be the last world-revolution as they would first implement a kind of temporary socialism before the state as a whole would wither away, resulting in communism. So historians who utilize this theory of history look at material circumstances of a class and whether they’re aware of their exploitation. This is called materialism, and the recognition of exploitation is called class consciousness. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Compendium of Marxist works: https://www.marxists.org/archive/index.htm ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Building from Marx’s definition of modernity, an early sociologist named Max Weber theorized that capitalism arose from calvinist protestantism due to the working spirit that theology instilled. Historians following Weber seek further explanations for modernity, such as science and legal rights. By defining modernity with these supposedly good values, they can push for other countries to adopt them, and therefore modernize. Today, this is considered highly imperialistic and antithetical to professional ethics, but you’ll still find historians like Niall Ferguson on the fringes of academia. This is driven by German philosophy, but the US was coming to power in the 20th-century, and scholars there had their own basis. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: http://self.gutenberg.org/articles/The_Protestant_Ethic_and_the_Spirit_of_Capitalism?View=embedded ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

I don’t know how I feel about the newest Clint Eastwood directed based-on-a-true-story film. The last one he did, I had nothing but praise, but this one I’m far more ambivalent about. It’s salvageable, but has one fatal flaw that I just can’t bring myself to forgive. It’s based on the story of Richard Jewell. ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos 1517 to paris: https://youtu.be/MLZ-BF2p0L4 Sully: https://youtu.be/jrtn_dggXTY ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for notes, responses, and errata references: https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/richard-jewell/ https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/true-story-richard-jewell-how-accurate-are-characters-1262302 https://slate.com/culture/2019/12/richard-jewell-movie-accuracy-journalist-fact-fiction.html https://time.com/5748926/richard-jewell-movie-true-story/ ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History ------------------------------------------------------------ Wiki: Richard Jewell is a 2019 American biographical drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood and written by Billy Ray. It is based on the 1997 Vanity Fair article "American Nightmare: The Ballad of Richard Jewell" by Marie Brenner and the 2019 book The Suspect: An Olympic Bombing, the FBI, the Media, and Richard Jewell, the Man Caught in the Middle by Kent Alexander and Kevin Salwen.[5][6][7][8][9

Pragmatism is not an adherence to practicality. It’s a theory of truth which says those with the best argument know the current truth, and given infinite time to investigate and discuss, whatever rational inquirers would conclude the ultimate truth. American academics followed this and really blossomed in the interwar years. These historians fused ideas about modernity with whig history to study the economic influence on ideology. Most prominently, Charles Beard, who sadly did not have a beard, applied this to the American Revolution and Civil War showing the economic basis of opposition to taxation and slavery. Carl Becker advocated for learning from the public as part of the rational inquiry of pragmatism, which he called the “everyman historian.” Historians could teach and learn, kinda like what I do on this channel. But generally academics remained split from public history, especially since they thought individuals would atomize the nation-building project of US history. This fusion of nationalism and materialism meant they believed that the US was on a trajectory for greater hegemony in the world Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Charles A. Beard's "History of the US": https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7052 Carl L. Becker, “Everyman His Own Historian.” American Historical Review 37, no. 2 (29 December 1931): 221-36. https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/presidential-addresses/carl-l-becker ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian F

Anne of the Indies at first blush seems to be related to Anne Bonny, but ultimately is not. It’s just a fictitious pirate romp, but at least I can go a little deeper into Bonny’s story. The golden age of piracy is ripe for this kind of myth and romanticism. ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: periodization: https://youtu.be/9vQIxAK-kXM Captain Phillips: https://youtu.be/yuSWR1_Eeco social banditry: https://youtu.be/VW_fEdrvmOI Loving v. Virginia: https://youtu.be/PgRzTmiT0r0 ------------------------------------------------------------ References: Newspaper articles on John (Jack) Rackam, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read: https://jillianmolenaar.home.blog/2019/02/07/the-documentary-record/ Before Tyler Rodriguez gets her publication on Bonny together, here is a link to a video that she wrote about it, though was improperly credited: https://youtu.be/KOiUgXyk0Fs Jay Eric Dolin, _Black Flags, Blue Waters: The Epic History of America’s Most Notorious Pirates_ (New York: Liveright Publishing, 2018). https://amzn.to/36VgUtj Charles Johnson, _A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pyrates, and also their Policies, Discipline, and Government: From their first Rise and Settlement in the Island of Providence, in 1717, to the Present Year 1724,_ ed. Manuel Schonhorn (1724; Mineola, N.York: Dover Publications, 1999). https://www.gutenberg.org/files/40580/40580-h/40580-h.htm Angus Konstam, _The Pirate World: A History of the Most Notorious Sea Robbers_ (Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2019). https://amzn.to/2JMwdfb Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker, _The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic_ (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 2000). https://amzn.to/2JKq8tN Marcus Rediker, _Outlaws of the Atlantic: Sailor, Pirates, and Motley Crews in the Age of Sail_ (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 2014). https://amzn.to/2OasYf

The Cold War defined the half century following WWII. Historians have argued its origin for decades. There is no clear answer. It all depends on not only how you define the Cold War and its beginning, but also your entire historical perspective. Are you a triumphal nationalist (orthodoxy), a condemning activist (revisionism), see a false dichotomy here (post-revisionism), or even go beyond such modern categorizations? Answering why the Cold War started defines how you see international politics today. Project MAD playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXW18I7joPDPXmfL1zepBNv ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for references, notes, responses, and errata since they can't fit here - but here is my paper on the British decision to intervene into the Russian Civil War: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ry4Uvv4ikeXJSWvyS0cpHcVHDFejHPUzB--euXWZgOc/edit?usp=sharing ------------------------------------------------------------ Connected videos: state rivalries: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wVUfT9O-wI-T5W2ZCRCGcTL Great Depression lecture: https://youtu.be/tI6V2vKiXcM WWII lecture: https://youtu.be/hQZSAbiK2Cs Cold War lecture: https://youtu.be/m4Dfe-gn_Fs Russian Intervention: https://youtu.be/1mC1bmzbgxY Aftermath of WWI: https://youtu.be/G3vKUgoTghg 1919 Red Scare: https://youtu.be/S4Pi2nYcYNw nuclear near misses: https://youtu.be/mVIFmAae_8w Afghanistan causation: https://youtu.be/7Nwe0ehW2nY 2nd Great Awakening lecture: https://youtu.be/0AwHLRqX3Qk United States Postal Service: https://youtu.be/xu2RyBVC-Gk Orthodoxy vs Revisionism: https://youtu.be/xQGs3eYxGRw ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://

Directly after WWII, historians on either side of the following Cold War generally agreed on the trajectory that their nation was taking. It conformed to the whiggish interpretation in the West, as in a unified nation headed toward greater equality and freedom, and the Marxist interpretation in the East, as in proletarian socialism headed toward communism. Western historians formed a consensus. For contemporary history, this formed the orthodoxy of contemporary history - seeing their nation-state as the triumphant end-point of history only needing moderate improvements and massive defense from foreign aggression. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Another thing that grew from roots prior to WWII and blossomed afterward was the Annales School. Marc Bloch formulated an interdisciplinary approach by combining economics, anthropology, and sociology to investigate what he called the mentalite, or the overall mentality of a given society. Fernand Braudel applied that to massive time-scales. This isn’t 10 or 20 years but 10 or 20 centuries, which they called the longue duree. Braudel typified this macro-historical approach the school was known for. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ Fernand Braudel, _The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II,_ Vol. 1, Rep. Ed. (1949; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995). https://amzn.to/2uJrWOK Fernand Braudel, _The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II,_ Vol. 2, Rep. Ed. (1949; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995). https://amzn.to/2LEZh45 Fernand Braudel, _On History,_ translated by Sarah Matthews (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980). https://amzn.to/3iygc9U Marc Bloch, _The Historian's Craft: Reflections on the Nature and Uses of History and the Techniques and Methods of Those Who Write It, translated by Peter Putnam_ (New York: Vintage Books, 1953). https://amzn.to/3Bn4Deu ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Annales and pragmatism were part of many schools of thought that applied a structural understanding of linguistics to history, called the New Social History. Social history looked at society as a whole through rigorous structural theory. The language of primary sources was a kind of ethnic glue that gave context to all speech. Mostly they applied structural functionalism from sociology, as in what was the function of any given subject within the context of its social structure, to linguistic analysis to broaden what societal trends were leading toward a better nation. But structuralism began to break down, as neoliberalism emphasized individuals more than society as a whole. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Replacing it was culture. Cultural historians look for the meaning of a subject instead of its function. Language continues to inform their study, but the historical context is how it affects an individual instead of society as a whole. They use theories of semiotics derived from pragmatism to show how any given primary source is embedded in its cultural context, revealing the meaning of that topic. Culture, rather than society, was the focus from the 1970s onward. Historiography Shorts playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXi3h9O4E0a0ZVPGYxAuUTy ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

I’m talking about the Black Panther Party. It’s an important topic that isn’t easy to cover. The historiography is fairly new, because what came before is riddled with disinformation, but it is worth understanding the history of the Black Panthers ------------------------------------------------------------ Check out Lynn Burnett’s public history of racial justice website, make sure to check out the resources tab for tons of material: https://crossculturalsolidarity.com/ The stuff specifically on the BPP: https://crossculturalsolidarity.com/black-panther-party-resources/ *References* Retrospective coverage: https://youtu.be/g8hDMi0-iaE William O'Neil interview: https://youtu.be/uSjYd35nF5s, full transcript: http://digital.wustl.edu/e/eii/eiiweb/one5427.1047.125williamo%27neal.html FBI files on Fred Hampton: https://vault.fbi.gov/Fred%20Hampton/Fred%20Hampton%20Part%2001%20of%2003/view https://vault.fbi.gov/Fred%20Hampton/Fred%20Hampton%20Part%2002%20of%2003/view https://vault.fbi.gov/Fred%20Hampton/fred-hampton-part-03-of-03/view And all of COINTELPRO: https://vault.fbi.gov/ Curtis J. Austin, _Violence in the Making and Unmaking of the Black Panther Party_ (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006). https://amzn.to/3ffepGj Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin, _Black against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party_ (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013). https://amzn.to/2SjIxrc David Cunningham, _There’s Something Happening Here: The New Left, the Klan, and FBI Counterintelligence_ (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. https://amzn.to/3hU0iIi Todd Fraley and Elli Lester-Roushanzamir, “Revolutionary Leader or Deviant Thug? A Comparative Analysis of the Chicago Tribune and Chicago Daily Defender’s Reporting on the Death of Fred Hampton,” _Howard Journal of Communications_ 15, iss. 3 (Summer 2004): 147–67. Craig Mcpherson, “You can’t Kill Chairman Fred: Examining the Life and

Critical Race Theory is not historical. It says current US law is white supremacist and needs to be fixed. History isn’t a concern there. Misgivings over CRT obfuscate attempting to halt teaching about America's racist past. That’s not up for debate. White supremacy pervades American history. To deny that as “anti-white” is to hinder our ability to overcome that legacy, creating yet another civil rights backlash. The current trend of fighting CRT in classrooms is just more Culture War nonsense, disguising historical erasure and preventing teachers from creating a more informed public who can deal with the necessary problems of their citizenship. If you’d like a deeper discussion on this, we did one on US101, which I’ll link below. ------------------------------------------------------------ A longer discussion: https://youtu.be/0PEtlZSdN3I ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History ------------------------------------------------------------ Hashtags: #CriticalRaceTheory #CRT #History

Since I have done multiple videos on the Afghanistan War, and fought that war myself; let's discuss what its end means. After 20 years, it has deep significance for US history. Given that I’m a combat veteran and historian of American Violence, this should be a lively discussion. Here are the previous videos: -American Small Wars: https://youtu.be/1oGJ784mf_M -Is Afghanistan the Longest US War? https://youtu.be/i6kjxw_MJYE -12 Strong: https://youtu.be/l_6IFAcH7N8 -The Outpost (including a digression on my war experience): https://youtu.be/dvwH-R2Xk8I -What Caused the War on Terror? https://youtu.be/7Nwe0ehW2nY Check out Hikma History’s channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsaViv1SDQy2FcRFHrf_Dkw If you have timestamps for what part of the discussion, please comment and I’ll pin it. Hopefully we’ll cover these main topics: -common myths -Purpose of the war (punitive expedition vs. nation building) -My role as a veteran and thoughts about it -Hikma’s experience and opinions -The consequences and “accomplishments” -Historical connotations and comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------ SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=CynicalCypher88 Support the channel through PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/CynicalHistorian or by purchasing MERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/the-cynical-historian LET'S CONNECT: Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/cynicalhistorian Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cynicalcypher88 Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/CynicalHistory/ Discord: https://discord.gg/Ukthk4U Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cynical_History

Ready to take an entire historiography class in 20 minutes? Well too bad, here it is anyways. Historiography is a very important part of doing history. It's merely the history of history. Every undergrad history major takes a course in this, and grad students have an even more intense version. There you’ll learn about most of these schools of thought in great detail. Let’s go over each school in about a paragraph. Perhaps it’ll help you understand the evolution of the history field as a whole. Sections covered: 0:00 introduction 1:35 Ancient & medieval times 2:48 Modernity 3:54 Antiquarians 4:40 Professionalization 5:24 Hegel 6:38 Marx 7:44 Modernization theory 8:26 Pragmatism 9:38 Consensus 10:10 Annales School 10:40 Linguistic turn 11:45 Microhistory 12:28 Gramsci 12:58 Frankfurt School 13:30 New Left 14:32 Feminism 15:32 Postcolonialism 16:56 transnationalism 18:14 Postmodernism 19:56 Post-revisionism Playlist on how to research history: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wU5T64ixCALFUC6c6cQJjL- Playlist of historiography videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wUYMDmuznH5PvCoAlMRReX6 ------------------------------------------------------------ *References* James M. Banner, _The Ever-Changing Past: Why All History Is Revisionist History_ (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2021), audiobook. https://amzn.to/3y0Y8er Peter Gunn, _History and Cultural Theory_ (Oxon, UK: Pearson Education Limited, 2006). https://amzn.to/2uWmK9F Peter Charles Hoffer, _Past Imperfect: Facts, Fictions, Fraud American History from Bancroft and Parkman to Ambrose, Bellesiles, Ellis, and Goodwin_ (New York: Public Affairs, 2004). https://amzn.to/2OQJh0m Lloyd Kramer and Sarah Maza, eds., _A Companion to Western Historical Thought_ (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing, 2002). https://amzn.to/2LhuzSf Edward T. Linenthal and Tom Engelhardt, _History Wars: The Enola Gay and other Battles for the Am

Technology is playing a key role in the US political system. We’ve opened a pandora’s box with technological politics. Unlike the utopian visions we once had for tech like the internet, the reality was that we let loose the worst of our inhibitions and enshrined a system that prioritized extremism. Tech has democratized our media, removing the gatekeepers who’ve kept American civility since the liberal consensus after WWII - and that’s a recipe for disaster. We created this system, and we chose to polarize. Political polarization playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLjnwpaclU4wXxGRwtV4EGk_vuAH2VkODS ------------------------------------------------------------ See pinned comment and its replies for notes, responses, and errata Bibliography: Kathleen Belew, _Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America_ (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2018), ebook. https://amzn.to/2XsIyXg Bill Bishop, _The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America is Tearing Us Apart_ (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008), ebook, scribd. https://amzn.to/3qb0Hs3 Gabriella Coleman, _Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous_ (London: Verso, 2014), audiobook. https://amzn.to/3cTFPjE Megan Condis, _Gaming Masculinity: Trolls, Fake Geeks, and the Gendered Battle for Online Culture_ (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2018). https://amzn.to/3gCCSpO Jeffrey Hart, _The Making of the American Conservative Mind: National Review and Its Times_ (Wilmington, Del.: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2014), ebook. https://amzn.to/3wGtJ5i Nicole Hemmer, _Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics_ (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016), audible. https://amzn.to/2SIJSZ2 Ezra Klein, _Why We’re So Polarized_ (London: Profile Books, 2020), audiobook. https://amzn.to/31sqFLB Daniel Lucks, _Reconsidering Reagan: Racism, Republi