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Warning: This experiments requires the handling of dangerous and volatile chemicals. It must only be carried out in a fumehood or outdoors. All chemicals must be disposed of properly. Everything will be contaminated with mercury/mercury salts. NOTHING CAN GO DOWN THE DRAIN OR IN THE GARBAGE. Only carry out this experiment if you can dispose of the chemicals and combustion products properly. Every step of this synthesis deals with dangerous or toxic materials. Gloves, safety glasses and a lab c

In this video, I will be showing you how to dissolve cotton (cellulose) using Schweizer's Reagent. I will then reconstitute the dissolve cotton.

Fuming nitric acid is defined as having a concentration of HNO3 greater than 86%. This is much higher than the conventional 68% of common lab nitric acid. The reaction between the nitric acid and the nitrile and latex gloves is extremely exothermic and violent. It is often recommended to avoid using gloves altogether when working with fuming nitric acid unless resistant gloves are available (e.g. butyl rubber gloves). Regular concentrated nitric acid is still not good to use with latex gloves.

In this video, I will be synthesizing p-nitroaniline from acetanilide. This chemical is used mainly as a precursor for a dye, but it can also be used in an interesting reaction with sulfuric acid. Note: My dehydration reaction did not work nearly as nicely as other videos. I just found however, a link explaining how the reaction should be carried out. Here is the link: http://firstyear.chem.usyd.edu.au/demonstrations/files/10.12.pdf It suggests using much more sulfuric acid than I did and to s

Warning: this experiment is dangerous and possibly explosive. Proper care must be taken. Magnesium silicide reacts with HCl to produce silane gas. Silane gas is pyrophoric, which means that it spontaneously combusts in contact with air at temperatures below 54C. The silane gas erupts into flames when it contacts air and makes small popping noises.

Warning: This experiment deals with dangerous and toxic chemicals. Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA (Copied from the other nitric acid video) Fuming nitric acid is defined as having a concentration of HNO3 greater than 86%. This is much higher than the conventional 68% of common lab nitric acid. The reaction between the nitric acid and the nitrile and latex gloves is extremely exothermic and violent. It is often recommended to avoid using gloves altogether when worki

This is a short exert of my synthesis video: How to make Magnesium Silicide and Explosive Silane Gas.

Capsaicinoids are interesting compounds with multiple, very different uses. In this video I use a Soxhlet extractor to extract the capsaicinoids from Ghost Chili peppers. Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/c/nilered/join NileRed Merch Store (NileRed Pin & Keychain): https://store.dftba.com/collections/nilered NileRed Website (Glassware & Beaker Mug

Warning: Cadaverine is absolutely putrid and it taints everything that it comes into contact with. It also does not wash off too easily. This video was more of a proof of concept than an actual synthesis. The amount of lysine and sodium bicabonate used was relatively arbitrary. In this video I use two methods to produce cadaverine: 1. Basic heating: This is not very efficient and burns a lot of the cadaverine. 2. Destructive distillation: I use an improvised destructive distillation setup.

Acetylsalicylic is readily available in Aspirin tablets. Chemically, it is a useful molecule. It can be converted to salicylic acid and then phenol, which is an extremely useful precursor. Also, the salicylic acid itself can be used to make the minty smelling wintergreen. All in all, acetylsalicylic acid is a quite desirable chemical. However, before it can be used in any reaction, it must first be separated from the Aspirin pills, which contains binders and fillers. In this video, I will outl

In my previous video I described how to extract acetylsalicylic acid from Aspirin tablets. In this video, I will be hydrolyzing ester bond in the acetylsalicylic acid to form salicylic acid.

This is an interesting reaction where two clear solutions are mixed, then after a period of time a sudden and drastic color change occurs. I used the guide found at this link: http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/practical-chemistry/iodine-clock-reaction

When glycerol and dry potassium permanaganate are added together, an extremely exothermic reaction occurs. The potassium permanaganate is an extremely strong oxidizer and it completely oxidizes the glycerol to water and carbon dioxide.

Manganese heptoxide is an extremely powerful and dangerous oxidizer made from sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4). It violently reacts with almost all organic material. Proper care must be taken at all times.

In this video, we will explore how sparklers are able to continue burning despite the complete lack of air. We will use vinegar and baking soda to create an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is commonly used as a fire extinguishing compound, which quickly extinguishes almost all burning material. So, how it is possible that a sparkler will continue to burn?

This is a demonstration video of the interesting Briggs-Rausher oscillating reaction. I will be posting a tutorial/explanation video within the next week or so! When two solution A and B are mixed, nothing happens. But when solution C is added, the solution starts to oscillate between clear, yellow and dark blue. This happens at least several times, but the duration of each cycle slowly decreases.

The combustion of sulfur is an interesting reaction. The melting temperature of sulfur is much lower than the ignition temperature. So first, the sulfur melts and then burns in it's liquid phase. What is interesting is that the characteristic yellow color of sulfur disappears. When the sulfur is melted, it liquefies to a blood red goop.

The synthesis of iron (II) sulfide involves reacting 1 equivalent of sulfur with 1 equivalent of iron. The reaction is initiated by a hot glass stirring rod into it. It is an extremely exothermic reaction. This is an interesting reaction to use as a demonstration, but the product is useful. The Iron (II) sulfide, or FeS, can be reacted with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen sulfide gas. This is a very useful gas, but it is extremely toxic.

This is an interesting reaction with quite drastic color changes. It is also one of the few known oscillation reactions. I followed the prepartion guide from this website: http://chemistry.about.com/cs/demonstrations/a/aa050204a.htm The information about the reaction mechanism I got from this site: http://www1.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/texts/expt_11.html I did not mention it in the video, but the manganese sulfate is added to provide Mn2+ ions. These Mn2+ ions catalyze 2 steps of the radical

This is an interesting spin on the famous iodine clock reaction. Instead of a color change, there is a rapid formation of precipitate.

In this video I will be making Wintergreen, or methyl salicylate, using methanol and salicylic acid. The reaction carried out is known as a Fischer esterification reaction

Organic esters tend to be smelly molecules. Some of them are pleasant smelling, while others are quite pungent and unpleasant. In this video, we will be using acetic anhydride to acetylate 1-pentanol to make banana flavoring. The same reaction can be carried out on several other alcohols, however, to make other scents, such as mushroom, orange, or pear.

In this video, I will be making n-bromopropane by brominating 1-propanol. The n-bromopropane can then be used in a Grignard reaction to make butyric acid (smell of vomit). Here is the video of me using it in a Grignard reaction: http://youtu.be/_wmx65zQk58 This process can be used as a general procedure to produce bromoalkane. For example, it can be used to make n-bromobutane, which can then be used to make n-Butyl Lithium.

In this video we will be making butyric acid by oxidizing 1-butanol (n-butanol) using KMno4. Chemicals: - 6.2mL 1-butanol - 14g KMno4 - 1.5g sodium carbonate - 2M H2SO4 - Diethyl ether - 90mL 3% H2O2

In this video we will be making glacial acetic acid from anhydrous sodium acetate. Note: I am going on vacation from July 8 for at least 2 months. So there will be limited video production. I have at least 10 videos to edit and release, which will be done once I return! Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/c/nilered/join NileRed Merch Store (NileRed Pi

If you plan on eating your final product, you should buy high concentration (95%+) ethanol from the liqueur store. Using acetone is likely okay, but you never really know what contaminants there are in it. The followup to this video will be showing how the extract can be used to make some extremely potent pepper spray. Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.

In this video, I demonstrate how to make an oxygen generator using manganese dioxide (MnO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

REUPLOADED DUE TO SOUND ISSUE. In this video we make and demonstrate the oxidizing power of piranha solution. Piranha solution is a 3:1 mixture of sulfuric acid to hydrogen peroxide. NOTE: I used nitrile gloves in this video. It is recommended that you do not use nitrile, but instead use latex or vinyl gloves. Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/c/nil

REUPLOADED DUE TO SOUND ISSUE. WARNING: Depending on where you live, making or distilling alcohol can be illegal without the proper permits or licenses. Note: For a sugar wash, you probably don't need to sterilize anything. Just wash it with soap and water. The presence of other microbes can alter the taste if you plan to drink it. This is a very basic way that you can make your own DRINKABLE ethanol at home. The main premise of this video is to show just how simple and easy it is to ferment

NOTE: REDUPLOADED DUE TO AN ERROR IN TERMINOLOGY. Warning: H2S is EXTREMELY toxic. Do NOT do this indoors and avoid using H2S if you can. In this video, I generate hydrogen sulfide using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and iron sulfide (FeS). I bubble the gas through a saturated solution of copper sulfate to limit the amount of H2S released into the environment and to demonstrate it's (old) use as an analytical chemistry technique.

In this video I carry out a desctructive distillation to produce putrescine. Putrescine is a useful molecule used in the production of Nylon. This is a more of a proof of concept than a useful method of putrescine production. Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/c/nilered/join NileRed Merch Store (NileRed Pin & Keychain): https://store.dftba.com/collec

Note: It is much cheaper to just buy CaOH2. This video is more for informational purposes if you don't want to buy it. It is extremely cheap stuff to buy. In this video we will make calcium hydroxide. I am producing this to use in a future video on how to make potassium chlorate from calcium hydroxide and chlorine gas. Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube

In this video I make hydrobromic acid from sulfuric acid and sodium bromide. You can also use potassium bromide.

In this video I show you how to extract silver from a coin or other metallic material. The coin that I used is 50% copper and 50% silver. I loosely followed the procedure from here: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread810904/pg1 Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/c/nilered/join NileRed Merch Store (NileRed Pin & Keychain): https://store.dftba.c

I decided to upload a much shorter version of this experiment. Considering it got so many views, I figured I would make a video that just included the actual demonstration portion. I also included some creepy music too. The music is Unseen Horrors, by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Here is a link to the tutorial video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PC3o2KgQstA&list=PLbaramj7Nly4WjI7iCvp8f61ZdqiFhF-P Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------

The bromopropane that I used was made in this video: http://youtu.be/9eaWqvZZcig In this video I will be demonstrating the Grignard reaction to produce butyric acid. The Grignard reaction is a very interesting reaction which can be used to form new carbon-carbon bonds. The final yield was 2.66g of butyric acid, or about 49%.

Warning: This is not a video on distillation, but I still I warn you not to distill flammable solvents in a poorly ventilated area! In this video I will be showing you how I went about building my own pot still. The purpose of this video is to give an idea of what goes into making one. Keep in mind that this is my own design and there are bound to be design flaws. There are definitely improvements that can be made. This is the pressure cooker that I bought: http://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/B005

Warning: Ether is extremely flammable. This must only be carried out in an extremely well ventilated area. In this video we make diethyl ether from ethanol and sulfuric acid. I adapted by procedure from youtube user myst32YT. Here is a link to his ether synthesis video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytdO3YzXNkQ I also used this as a resource: http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=9747 The final product likely still has a little bit of a water in it. I would suggest adding mo

In this video I show how I circulate water through my condensers using a fountain pump.

In this video phenol is synthesized from salicylic acid. I followed the procedure that I found here: http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=27617 Nile talks about lab safety: https://youtu.be/ftACSEJ6DZA -------------------------------- Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/nilered Youtube Membership: https://www.youtube.com/c/nilered/join NileRed Merch Store (NileRed Pin & Keychain): https://store.dftba.com/collections/nilered NileRed Website (Glassware & Beaker Mugs): https:/