TREY the Explainer

Today we rewind 2015 and look at all the paleontology discoveries of the year and the plans for 2016! Hope you enjoy! This is annual video discussing all of the notable prehistoric discoveries of the year! All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Music Used: -Kevin Macleod -Don't Starve Team's Hoedown (Remixed by me) All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. Sources: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1030/abstract http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/kunbarrasaurus-ieversi-new-armored-dinosaur-species-03507.html http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-10/new-species-of-human-relative-found-in-underground-graveyard/6765466 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0123503 http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/morelladon-beltrani-new-sail-backed-dinosaur-species-spain-03522.html http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/phosphorosaurus-ponpetelegans-new-mosasaur-species-03498.html http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/xenokeryx-amidalae-three-horned-mammal-spain-03489.html http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/science-dakotaraptor-steini-new-dinosaur-south-dakota-03410.html http://www.sci-news.com/news/paleontology/page/2 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/let.12156/abstract http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-10/new-species-of-human-relative-found-in-underground-graveyard/6765466 https://peerj.com/articles/1475/ http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0130007 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v522/n7556/full/nature14307.html http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(15)00492-3?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982215004923%3Fshowall%3Dtrue&cc=y= http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v523/n7558/full/nature14573.html http:

Today we take a break from paleontology and I try to test out cryptozoology! Hope you enjoy! This time we examine the monster of Point Pleasant, Mothman and we will try to discover the truth centered on this strange being. This video is somewhat inspired by Cryptozoologicon by C. M. Kosemen, Darren Naish, and John Conway Check it out: http://irregularbooks.co/ Thumbnail by CM Kosemen All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Music Used: -Kevin Macleod All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast Sources: http://ttotu.com/tag/newell-partridge/ http://www.csicop.org/sb/show/mothman_revisitedinvestigating_on_site/ http://cryptomundo.com/cryptozoo-news/scarberry-obit2/ http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/cienciareal/mothman_prophecies/mothman06.htm

Today we re-open the Mothman Cryptid case and I respond and answer some questions I was asked in the previous video. I will debunk a few myths and even debunk a very famous image of the "mothman". Hope you enjoy! All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. "Accurate Aliens by Barlowe" refers to Wayne Barlowe in his book "the Expedition" Music Used: -Kevin Macleod All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast

Another cryptozoology video! Today we examine a rather strange and famous cryptid from West Virginia, the Flatwoods Monster. We will go over everything from owls to aliens to giant salamanders to psychology. Hope you enjoy! Special thanks to Joe Nickell Thumbnail by CM Kosemen All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Music Used: -Kevin Macleod All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/... http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copy... Sources: http://www.csicop.org/si/show/flatwoods_ufo_monster/ http://www.flatwoodsmonster.com/ http://www.project1947.com/shg/csi/csiv1-2.html http://www.flatwoodsmonster.com/index-id%3D228330%26fuseaction%3Dbrowse%26pageid%3D39.html http://www.flatwoodsmonster.com/index-id%3D228330%26fuseaction%3Dbrowse%26pageid%3D42.html http://web.archive.org/web/20070927195213/http://sites.eoi.com/folder5715/index.cfm?id=187109&fusea

Today we return to flatwoods with a shorter video before we finally talk about T.rex. In this video we will discuss new suggestions, Mesopotamian Eye Gods and their possible connection to the Flatwoods Monster, and aliens! (Sorry for the long wait, I have been very busy, the T.rex video will be out shortly) Previous Flatwoods Monster video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QE9pEBEZk4Q Thumbnail as well as various sketches by the always amazing CM Kosemen All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Footage Used: Great Horned Owl Fledglings and Adult by tetonraptorcenter (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgy1rhHg80c) Barn Owl hissing by MrRelhed (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NUiSAo_ie0) Crazy Owl Attacks Guy In Broad Daylight Twice by Ryan Schroeder (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3r1vy0q_gc8) Music Used: -Kevin Macleod All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. All images of the Mesopotamian Eye Gods comes from this source: https://ancientarchives.wordpress.com/2014/04/04/unique-mysterious-figurines-with-enormous-eyes-eye-idols-of-tell-brak/ This source does not leave any credits to these photographers, please contact me to credit you if you own these images. All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyrig

It’s finally here! Today we examine the big question: Did T.rex and other Tyrannosaurs have feathers? What type? As well as disproving popular myths about feathers! I hope you enjoy and appreciate my research. Thank you so much for watching. (sorry for the lack of music in the background, copyright right stuff) Now I need a nap XD At 29:27, that is not the work of James Gurney, but actually is by Todd Marshall. My mistake! Special Thanks to Nick “Jobaria” Turinetti and Tom “Tomozaurus” Park from the Saurian Game: http://saurian.maxmediacorp.com/ And Paleop for various silhouettes: paleop.deviantart.com Steven’s video: http://youtu.be/UK-3rlwyKxI All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Sources: http://z13.invisionfree.com/Hell_Creek/index.php?showtopic=19&st=0 http://dml.cmnh.org/2001Oct/msg00538.html http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2012/04/04/yutyrannus-a-giant-tyrannosaur-with-feathers/#.VuPqCfkrLIU http://agathaumas.blogspot.com/2011/08/la-pellaccia-del-tirannosauro-la.html http://www.wired.com/2012/07/feathered-dinosaur-fossil/ http://www.heightow.com/rar/konglong/show.asp?Id=143 http://www.pnas.org/content/106/3/832/F2.expansion.html http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/master.html?http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/htmlsite/0505/0505_feature.html http://www.xinglida.net/pdf/Xu_et_al_2012_Yutyrannus.pdf http://animals.mom.me/information-emu-feathers-4949.html http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=AM04145.pdf http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047018 http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A//theropoda.blogspot.com/2010/06/motivazione-teorica-per-la-presenza-di.html&hl=en&langpair=it%7Cen&tbb=1&ie=UTF-8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3406838/ http://pterosaurnet.blogspot.com/2014/01/helpful-background.html http://peo

Today we examine 4 “Globsters” or mysterious unknown corpses that wash up on the shores of various oceans and see just how mysterious these monsters are; this is just a beginning to a longer series. Hope you enjoy! All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Footage Used: All Beach/Ocean Footage Used was recorded by Me. All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/... http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copy... Sources: http://www.strangemag.com/globsters1.html#St.AugustineGiant http://www.strangemag.com/seaserpcarcsshuk.html http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2008/07/12/moores-beach-monster-skull/ http://www.deepseanews.com/2014/11/lies-damned-lies-and-cryptozoology/ http://www.trueauthority.com/cryptozoology/moore.htm http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2008/07/08/moores-beach-monster/ http://www.arkive.org/bairds-beaked-whale/berardius-bairdii/image-G52

More mysterious ocean cryptid corpses explained! We examine a few more famous Globsters, such as the Zuiyo Maru Carcass, Trunko, and Gambo; and will examine if they really belong to unknown sea monsters! Hope you enjoy! Sources: Zuiyo Maru: http://www.paleo.cc/paluxy/plesios.htm http://bizarrezoology.blogspot.com/2013/10/zuiyo-maru-carcass-shark-or-unknown.html http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070877 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiyo-maru_carcass http://zoology70.rssing.com/browser.php?indx=13843765&item=83 http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2013/12/zuiyo-maru-addendum-and-rebuttal.html http://zoology70.rssing.com/chan-13843765/all_p5.html http://bizarrezoology.blogspot.com/2013/11/zuiyo-maru-for-me-and-you-im-thankful.html Gambo: http://www.cryptopia.us/site/2010/01/gambo-gambia/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambo http://saurian.blogspot.com/2011/01/tail-fins-for-plesiosaurs.html http://thedragonstales.blogspot.com/2013/12/evidence-for-caudal-fins-in-plesiosaurs.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiosauria http://cryptidchronicles.tumblr.com/post/19628609074/gambo-still-a-mystery http://2006-gambia.blogspot.com/2006/07/fun-fun-fun-with-beach-boys.html Trunko: http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2008/07/11/dead-sea-monsters/ http://karlshuker.blogspot.com/2011/03/trunko-returns-fourth-photograph-has.html http://karlshuker.blogspot.com/2010/09/trunko-two-more-photographs.html http://karlshuker.blogspot.com/2010/09/behold-trunko.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunko http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/nmml/education/cetaceans/right.php All copyrighted images/footage/music is protected under Fair Use for reasons of criticism, commentary, social satire, and education. Footage Used: All Beach/Ocean Footage Used was recorded by Me. All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the vi

Today we have a shorter episode discussing and examining a popular image on the Internet of a super long necked tortoise and finding out if it is real or fake, as well as learning a bit about testudines along the way! Next time we will examine a real long neck, Tanystropheus! Thanks for watching! Sources: http://www.knitrowan.com/industry-news/article/tortoises-get-knitted-makeovers/801581909 http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2011/05/18/no-necks-for-sex-in-sauropods/ All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. Forgot to credit you in the video but, image of Red-Footed Tortoises mating belongs to “Postdlf” All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast

This is an older video that was blocked because of copyright.I made a few changes to the video and had to overlay images over the copyrighted footage... Hope you still enjoy! I think I will do several follow-up videos discussing this topic more in-depth than discussed here. All Copyrighted Music Belongs to their rightful owners, No copyright infringement intended: Five Nights at Freddy's Song (Piano Version) by myuuji Walking Dead "Alive Inside" theme by Walking Dead the Video Game Don't Starve Soundtrack by Jason Garner and Vince de Vera Various by Kevin Macleod Today I start a new series. Scientifically Accurate! Were i examine how science is displayed in the media! Today Aliens? What would they look like? Would they look like us? Are they real? In this video I discuss the plausibility in an evolutionary sense of aliens commonly depicted in the media as well as a bit of history on aliens. Some info might be outdated or my views have changed with new evidence. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Footage: -War of the Worlds, Copyright Paramount Pictures (No copyright Infringement Intended) -First Life, Copyright BBC (No Copyright Infringement Intended) All Copyrighted Footage is protected under FAIR USE, for reason of commentary. -Walking With Monsters Copyright BBC -Jurassic Park Copyright Universal Studios All Copyrighted Images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if your images were displayed without your permission; I will give the owner full credit for his/her work. All video/game/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-

Paleo Profile is back! Today we look a super-weird Triassic long necked reptile, Tanystropheus! We will examine what this animal used it’s long neck for, what it ate, and where and how it lived. Hope you enjoy! All copyrighted images belong to their respected owners. Please notify me if I neglected to credit your work in the video. Sources: http://www.media.uzh.ch/en/pressreleases/2014/massenaussterben-brachten-knochenfischen-viele-neue-arten.html http://markwitton-com.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-lifestyle-of-tanystropheus-part-1.html http://markwitton-com.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-lifestyle-of-tanystropheus-part-2.html http://dipbsf.uninsubria.it/paleo/tanyrip.pdf http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/6327 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanystropheus https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tanystropheus_fossils https://www.researchgate.net/figure/274008844_fig1_Figure-4-Saurichthys-rieppeli-sp-nov-fins-PIMUZ-T-61-holotype-A-Dorsal-fin-B http://alphynix.tumblr.com/post/93894893587/marine-reptile-month-4-tanystropheus-middle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besanosaurus All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stan

Today we have an interesting paleo profile on an obscure heavily armored mammal-like croc! Armidillosuchus! As well as talk about how crocodilians literally used to rule the earth! Hope you enjoy! Background Music by Kevin Macleod Sources: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/07/090708-armadillo-crocodile-brazil.html http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981108001235 http://designeranimals.wikispaces.com/Armadillosuchus+Arrudai+(Ancient+animal) http://scienceblogs.com/laelaps/2009/07/10/armadillosuchus-one-bad-crocod/ http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/a/armadillosuchus.html http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.564.2010&rep=rep1&type=pdf All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast

Today we have a very very short episode discussing a very recent cryptid photo from Corfu Greece! The answer will probably be disappointing. Hope you enjoy :) Sources: http://web.archive.org/web/20141215090247/http://oceana.org/en/explore/marine-wildlife/dugong http://www.dugong.it/the-dugong/ All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast Music by Kevin Macleod

Today we combine Paleo Profile somewhat with Cryptid Profile when we examine the bizarre cryptid called “the Ropen” or “the Living Pterosaur”. The Ropen is a strange alleged beast from Papua New Guinea that is bioluminescent and digs up graves! Yes a grave digging glow-in-the-dark pterosaur! But that’s not all! It’s a Christian too! We have a long examination of the cryptid’s plausibility, reliability of eyewitnesses, and strange association with religion! Oh, and I also go on a few rants along the way. Hope you enjoy! I want to thank all that submitted fan art for this video! Thank you so much! Special thanks you Mark Witton who allowed me to use his ark and email him for questions! His website can be found here: http://markwitton-com.blogspot.com/ John Conway also allowed me to use some of his ark, here’s his website as well: http://johnconway.co/ Sources: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dont-get-strung-along-by-the-ropen-myth-78644354/?no-ist http://www.mythencyclopedia.com/Le-Me/Melanesian-Mythology.html http://paleo.cc/paluxy/livptero.htm https://www.antiquehelper.com/item/359866 http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2007/12/23/pterosaurs-alive/ http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/were-azhdarchid-pterosaurs-really-terrestrial-stalkers-the-evidence-says-yes-yes-they-probably-were/ http://www.genesispark.com/exhibits/evidence/cryptozoological/pterosaurs/ropen/ http://www.ropens.com/ https://pterosaur.net/anatomy.php http://www.markwitton.com/about/4552741216 https://books.google.com/books?id=s0DaJZP0VnEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=papua+new+guinea+mythology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSrJPOh9TNAhWm64MKHexFCtEQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=ropen&f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=bGx8CgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=papua+new+guinea+mythology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSrJPOh9TNAhWm64MKHexFCtEQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false http://cryptidz.wikia.com/wiki/Ropen http://www.livepterosaur.com/

Today we examine the famous bony jawed placoderm fish from the Devonian, Dunkleosteus! We talk about everything from alternate universes, lips, and how you are related to these swimming bear traps! Prepare to learn about the Age of the Fishes and the bizarre fish that inhabited our oceans and could have taken over the Earth! Hope you enjoy! Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257074090_A_Silurian_placoderm_with_osteichthyan-like_marginal_jaw_bones http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7426/fig_tab/nature11555_F2.html http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2015/06/24/4261003.htm http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v502/n7470/fig_tab/nature12690_F1.html https://sites.google.com/a/pdx.edu/marek-rise-of-fish/ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v502/n7470/fig_tab/nature12617_ft.html http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v502/n7470/full/nature12690.html?message-global=remove https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241120353_Lungs_in_Placoderms_a_persistent_palaeobiological_myth_related_to_environmental_preconceived_interpretations http://www.australianscience.com.au/biology/entelognathus-the-fish-with-the-first-modern-face/ http://www.devoniantimes.org/who/pages/placoderm.html https://thedinosirs.wordpress.com/2014/10/27/sexyplac-love-in-the-time-of-placoderms/ http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/156/3/535.short http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v502/n7470/full/nature12617.html http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/09/26/3856025.htm??site=newsradio&topic=enviro https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6384712_Feeding_mechanics_and_bite_force_modelling_of_the_skull_of_Dunkleosteus_terrelli_an_ancient_apex_predator https://www.researchgate.net/figure/6384712_fig2_Figure-2-Biomechanics-of-feeding-in-Dunkleosteus-terrelli-under-a-muscle-contraction http://phys.org/news/2012-10-evolutionary-pretty.html https://qilong.wordpress.com/2014/02/27/a-saw-in-the-jaw-of-a-sea-god/ https://en.w

Turn on your Mortal Kombat music because today we examine 13 fossils that preserve fights and battles between prehistoric organisms! Get ready to see the clashes that really happened so long ago! Hope you enjoy! Links: http://www.arca.museus.ul.pt/ArcaSite/obj/gaia/MNHNL-0000778-MG-DOC-web.PDF http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0068620 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3125168/#s1title http://www.pnas.org/content/110/31/12560.figures-only https://books.google.ca/books?id=Mr16gm7VRCAC&pg=PA326#v=onepage&q&f=false http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634%282005%29025%5B0888%3ANIOTSO%5D2.0.CO%3B2?journalCode=vrpa& http://www.pnas.org/content/110/31/12560.full http://science.sciencemag.org/content/20/501/184 http://paleopolis.rediris.es/cg/CG2009_L02/ http://www.denverfowler.com/publications/Fowler_et_al_2012.htm https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241106039_Cave_bear_killers_and_scavengers_from_the_last_ice_age_of_central_Europe_Feeding_specializations_in_response_to_the_absence_of_mammoth_steppe_fauna_from_mountainous_regions http://oceansofkansas.com/Xiphac.html http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0031945 All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is r

Today I go back to my roots! We are looking at the fictional race of aliens from the animated TV Show, Steven Universe: the Crystal Gems! I will try to classify their culture as well as their anatomy, traits, and bodies through scientific examination and speculation! I will try to answer questions like: What are they made out of? What don’t they need to eat? How do they work? Are they robots? And lastly: What they really are? By using Science!!! We talk about everything from the Kardashev scale, to nanomachines, aliens, to, surprisingly, crystals! Hope you enjoy! Let me clarify: My theory might not fit the show 100% entirely, as it should. My theory is simply a scientific speculation and classification of Gems as if they existed in our Universe and had to follow our Universe's laws and rules. Due to this, the very nature of a fictional show with fictional rules will most likely contradict my real life speculation in some aspects. Just remember, I'm trying my best and I understand Steven Universe has magical elements that might not fit within real life scientific explanations. All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-us

Today we examine the amazingly bizarre group of prehistoric arthropods, the Eurypterids or sea scorpions of the Paleozoic. We answer questions like: Where they really scorpions? How large did they get? And what are they exactly? A lot of illustrations used in the video belong to Satoshi Kawasaki, great thank you to him for illustrating many obscure animals Music Credits by Kevin Macleod Sources: -http://www.fossilguy.com/gallery/invert/arthropod/eurypterid/ -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protichnites -http://www.fossilmall.com/Cambrian_Shadows/Protichnites/prot/protichnites1.htm -http://palaeos.com/metazoa/arthropoda/eurypterida/hibbertopteroidea.html -https://peerj.com/articles/641/ -https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304661?seq=1#fndtn-page_scan_tab_contents -https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7448865_Palaeoecology_A_gigantic_fossil_arthropod_trackway -http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v438/n7068/full/438576a.html -http://collections.glasgowmuseums.com/viewimage.html?oid=283914&i=400484 -http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1629066/ -https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304661?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents -http://www.savalli.us/BIO385/Diversity/12.Arthropoda.html -http://www.academia.edu/1194570/Testing_the_mass-moult-mate_hypothesis_of_eurypterid_palaeoecology All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform m

Hello there guys! We’re back with another cryptid profile, this time on one of the only cryptids to be spotted outside of Earth’s atmosphere and taken by NASA: The Black Knight Satellite. We discuss if the object depicted in these photos is really an extraterrestrial/alien craft or something else entirely. Hope you enjoy! NASA STS-88 Mission videos of insulation blanket being lost: EVA footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6omlycVMOcw Inside Shuttle footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXqw6NpCwIg Sources: -http://www.jamesoberg.com/sts88_and-black-knight.pdf -https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS088&roll=724&frame=66 The future human gravityless evolutionary speculations belong to C.M. Kosemen from his amazing book, All Tomorrows. Music Credits by Kevin Macleod All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast

Today I do a short video examining a claim I get all too often: non-avian dinosaurs and man coexisting. I am thinking of starting a series examining such claims and the evidence often held up to support them. This first video is on the Ta Prohm "Stegosaur" Carving. I hope you enjoy! Sources: -http://paleo.cc/paluxy/stegosaur-claim.htm -http://www.genesispark.com/ -http://www.smithsonianmag.com/ist/?next=/science-nature/stegosaurus-rhinoceros-or-hoax-40387948/ Music Credits by Kevin Macleod All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast

Today we tackle the monster, the myth, the legend: The Loch Ness Monster of Scotland, one of the most famous cryptids and most famous lake monster. This video is one of three planning to discuss whether this cryptid water beast is real or nothing more than outright fantasy. Part 1 focuses on the monster's history and an eyewitness sightings. Hope you enjoy! Sources: -http://karlshuker.blogspot.com/2013/07/does-loch-ness-monster-have-split.html -http://nessienotes.weebly.com/nessie-timeline.html -http://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/skull-island-canada/ -http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2009/10/02/loch-ness-monster-on-land/ -http://cryptomundo.com/cryptozoo-news/grant-ln/ -http://anomalyinfo.com/Stories/1933-july-22-mr-mrs-george-spicers-loch-ness-encounter -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Ness_Monster Music Credits by Kevin Macleod All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited under fair use rights for reasons of commentary, education, and social satire. http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/what-is-fair-use/#2 http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html http://ask.metafilter.com/147341/Copyright-status-of-game-footage-in-broadcast

Today I examine a wide range of biological sciences by giving an overview of ontogeny and neoteny and how they affect the development and evolution of organisms. I discuss everything from mutant salamanders to dinosaur growth stages so I hope you enjoy! Request any evolutionary or biological topics in the comment section and hopefully I can address them. Thanks for watching! The Pokemon evolution chart was made by: http://inprogresspokemon.tumblr.com/ Sorry I forgot to credit it you in the video. Sources: -https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/neoteny.htm -http://tyrannosauroideacentral.blogspot.co.id/2013/09/nanotyrannus-isnt-real-really.html?m=1 -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoteny -https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722850 -http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v487/n7406/full/nature11146.html -http://www.savalli.us/BIO370/Diversity/01.Chordata.html -http://vertpaleo.org/Society-News/Blog/Old-Bones-SVP-s-Blog/December-2013/Growing-up-(and-out,-and-sidways,-and-around).aspx -https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Neoteny_in_humans.htm -https://www.pathwayz.org/Tree/Plain/APE+VS.+HOMININ+SKULLS -https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2012/05/28/birds-may-be-paedomorphic-dinosaurs/ -https://ferrebeekeeper.wordpress.com/2014/11/21/tunicates/ Background Music: Kevin Macleod All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and

The long overdue part 2 to my Loch Ness Monster Cryptid Profile is here! In this episode I examine most of the Loch Ness Monster video and photographic evidence and try to determine their validity to prove the beast’s existence. I hope you enjoy and please request any new video ideas! Also Happy New Year! Sources: -Darren Naish’s “Hunting Monsters: Cryptozoology and the Reality Behind the Myths” - http://scienceblogs.com/tetrapodzoology/2007/12/13/nessie-on-film/ - http://lochnessmystery.blogspot.com/2012/02/analysis-of-peter-macnab-photograph.html - https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2015/04/21/i-can-call-monsters-from-the-vasty-deep/ - https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/photos-of-the-loch-ness-monster-revisited/ - http://lochnessunderstood.com/ch14m2-7777757.html - http://www.lochnessinvestigation.com/enhancement.html - http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2013/09/gargoyle-face-at-loch-ness.html - http://frontiersofzoology.blogspot.com/2012/12/more-loch-ness-plesiosaurs-from-scott.html - http://skepdic.com/nessie.html Also check out Tony “Doc” Shiels’s video where he discusses the magical properties of a rock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cE9DyQVjICc All copyrighted footage and images in this video are protected under FAIR USE for reasons of Commentary, Education, Criticism, Parody, and Social Satire. Copyright Disclaimer under section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for “fair use” for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, education and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Educational use tips the balance in favor of fair use. This means, copyrighted images can be displayed, even without the owner’s permission. If I neglected to give the copyright owners credit, please inform me and I will give you the appropriate credit. All video/game/image/music content is recorded and edited u