History Matters

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Field of Flowers caption was made my 'Joshua' in this episode. Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer Kevin Sanders Cornel Norman A. Letterman Mason Cox Blaine Tillack William Foster Thomas Mitchell Josh Selby Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Matthew anon Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Rbj Andrew Keeling João Santos Richard Manklow Mark Bevan Recommended reading: France: The Dark Years 1940-1944 by Julian Jackson. An absolutely phenomenal work which despite the name covers everything from the late 1920s to just after the war. Talks in depth about the political climate which weakened France and her response to Germany and the war. It's an academic text so not the most accessible, though. To Hell and Back: Europe 1914-1949 by Ian Kershaw. A great and accessible book which gives an overview of Europe during the period. Be aware that it jumps about quite a bit so don't expect entire chapters devoted to one nation. Good breakdowns of the general events and gives some much needed context to France during the 1930s.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer Kevin Sanders Cornel Norman A. Letterman Mason Cox Blaine Tillack William Foster Thomas Mitchell Josh Selby Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Matthew anon Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Rbj Andrew Keeling João Santos Richard Manklow Mark Bevan Recommended reading: Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 by Christopher Clarke. Pretty much the best overview text for German history during the periods covered. Simply amazing piece of work. Frederick the Great: King of Prussia by Tim Blanning. Unsurprisingly this is about the man himself but it's fantastic for learning about the events that shaped him and why he was as successful as he was.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer Kevin Sanders Cornel Norman A. Letterman Mason Cox Blaine Tillack William Foster Thomas Mitchell Josh Selby Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Matthew anon Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Rbj Andrew Keeling João Santos Richard Manklow Mark Bevan Recommended reading: Simon Dixon - The Modernisation of Russia, 1676-1825. This book covers the period in great detail (barring a few oversights or assumptions on the part of the author) but be aware that whilst it works well covering themes of change, Chronologically its all over the place. Merry E. Weisner Hanks - Early Modern Europe, 1450-1789. Any video covering early Modern Europe will include this books it's just that good. Fantastic for broader context and examining things like the Orthodox Church will most other overviews aren't great at.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Frolicking Caption was provided by FuzzytheFair. Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer Kevin Sanders Cornel Norman A. Letterman Mason Cox Blaine Tillack William Foster Thomas Mitchell Josh Selby Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Matthew anon Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Rbj Andrew Keeling João Santos Richard Manklow Mark Bevan Recommended reading: The Vikings: A Very Short Introduction by Julian D. Richards. A very concise overview which focuses mostly on raiding and not too much on the domestic changes or the Viking Religion. Very good and cheap to boot. A History of the Vikings by Gwyn Jones - Very in depth and covers basically everything you need. It's getting on a bit and so not all of the research will be completely up to date but as a work this will cover everything you'd need as a beginner. Narrative of the book is a bit of a mess.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Frolicking Caption was provided by Norman A. Letterman. Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Chris Fatta James Baker Richard Wolfe Cornel Mitchel Wildoer Joshua Perry Gagne Thomas Mitchell Bernardo Santos Joooooshhhhhh Matthew FuzzytheFair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith anon Andrew Keeling João Santos Recommended reading: A Concise History of Italy by Christopher Duggan. I cannot recommend this book enough. Almost certainly the best single-volume book that covers Italy's history. Great balance between readability and detail. Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Dictatorship by R.J.B. Bosworth. A very detailed and meticulous book which covers anything you'd need to know about Fascist Italy. Very good book for understanding what life was like for normal people and how the war affected everything. Invade Greece now, for the Italy! Show no mercy, slaughter them like sheep!

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Chris Fatta James Baker Richard Wolfe Cornel Mitchel Wildoer Joshua Perry Gagne Thomas Mitchell Bernardo Santos Joooooshhhhhh Matthew FuzzytheFair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith anon Andrew Keeling João Santos Recommended reading: The French Wars of Religion, 1562-1629 by Mack P. Holt. - Pretty much THE go to book about the French Wars of Religion. You won't get better since this one set the standard. Early Modern Europe, 1450-1789 by Merry E. Weisner-Hanks. A great overview of early modern Europe which will give great context to events (especially religious and military) in France during this period. I'll always recommend this book to anyone studying the period.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/ten-minute-historys-store Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Chris Fatta James Baker Richard Wolfe Cornel Mitchel Wildoer Joshua Perry Gagne Thomas Mitchell Bernardo Santos Joooooshhhhhh Matthew FuzzytheFair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith anon Andrew Keeling João Santos My first ever non-10 minute episode. Fancy. This one is about the First Opium War which started after China banned the Opium trade and started enforcing it, much to the detriment of Britain. The war kicked off in 1839 and Britain mostly spent the next three years sailing up the Chinese coast obliterating any resistance they came across. In the end Britain won out and China could go back to having its society ruined by Opium addicts. Yay! Recommended book: The Opium War by Julia Lovell. This book's title may make it appear as if it only covers the Opium Wars but this book is about the entire history of Opium in China and is actually a pretty good overview of Chinese history from the Late Qing to the modern day. It's very well structured and not overly complicated.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Chris Fatta James Baker Richard Wolfe Cornel Mitchel Wildoer Joshua Perry Gagne Thomas Mitchell Bernardo Santos Joooooshhhhhh Matthew FuzzytheFair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith anon Andrew Keeling João Santos This episode covers the Stalin's purges in the wake of Sergei Kirov's murder which swept the USSR over the course of 1936-1938 which saw loads of people either shot or sent to the Gulag. It's also a ridiculous 210-day focus. Recommended Reading/ Sources: The Stalinist Era by David L. Hoffman. This is a pretty new book and as far as broad overviews go it's certainly one of the best. Some things it can be a bit brief on (Gulags being one of them) but in terms of broad trends and politics it's extremely good. Scorched Earth: Stalin's Reign of Terror by Jörg Baberowski. A very in-depth look into the purges and the motivations behind the terror. Does well to demonstrate how it also affected normal everyday people and not just the politicians at the top. Also, anything by Sheila Fitzpatrick is also recommended (On Stalin's Team is a good one).

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Chris Fatta James Baker Richard Wolfe Cornel Mitchel Wildoer Joshua Perry Gagne Thomas Mitchell Bernardo Santos Joooooshhhhhh Matthew FuzzytheFair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith anon Andrew Keeling João Santos This episode covers one of the greatest scandals to rock the British Royal Family: the 1936 Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII. He tried to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorcee and an America socialite who was deemed unfit to be Queen. Edward refused to give her up and a constitutional crisis brewed which culminated in Edward's abdication after a mere 10 months on the throne and the crowning of his younger brother, George VI, whose daughter, Elizabeth is the current monarch of the United Kingdom. Recommended Reading/ Sources: Edward VIII by Piers Brendon. The most readable account of Edward VIII's life and reign out there. Very cheap, too. Goes into great detail about Edward's close circle and family too which adds some nice depth.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the 1956 Hungarian revolution in which Hungary, under Imre Nagy, demanded independence from the USSR's sphere of influence. Recommended books: Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 by Tony Judt. Best book on the period available. Absolutely phenomenal and a complete tome (worth every penny, though). A Concise History of Hungary by Miklós Molnár. Like all of the other books in this series its a fantastic introduction to all Hungarian history. Not the cheapest but still a great book for people interested in both Communist and all other Hungarian history.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the 1830 Revolution which came in the wake of the Bourbon Restoration and the rule of Charles X of France, who was a bit tyrannical. After three days of violence he abdicated and was replaced by his cousin Louis-Philippe who would have his own fair share of problems. Book Recommendations: A Modern History of Europe from the Renaissance to the Present by John Merriman. For a book that covers such a large span of history, this is phenomenally detailed (although not the cheapest book there is). If you'd like a broad overview of European history with a great focus on France than this book is a great one to start with. A Concise History of France by Roger Price. Fantastic at covering France from the 1789 onwards. Just be aware that whilst it calls itself a history of France, the pre Louis XIV bits are extremely brief (or non-existent) so be aware.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the fall of the Knights Templar in after their arrest in 1307 by the King Philip IV of France. After the fall of Acre in 1291 the Knights Templar had no purpose barring retaking the Holy Land which they didn't. Since he owed them money and didn't want them interfering in his affairs, Philip decided to strike and arrested much of the order. They were accused of heresy and after a longwinded and cruel investigation the Order was dissolved in 1312.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the postwar occupation of Austria and how this ten year period affected the country's character and outlook. Life in the country was pretty brutal after the war but after some economic aid and presenting a united front to their occupiers the Austrians were able to negotiate the end of their occupation in 1955. They just can't join Germany again. Ever.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the Suez Crisis of 1956 which came about after Egypt, under Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalised the Suez Canal. Britain, France and Israel then colluded to invade Egypt and retake the canal. Militarily this went well, but politically the crisis cost the allied powers far too much and so they withdrew in what was frankly a humiliating climbdown. Also it's the point in which Britain was officially no longer a superpower. So pretty important. Recommended books: The Arabs: A History by Eugene Rogan. A fantastic book that covers Arabic history from the Mamluk Sultanate to the modern day. Extremely detailed and pretty ambitious, too although be aware the author makes no attempt to hide their political biases. Postwar: A History of Europe since 1945 by Tony Judt. Obviously this book only really tackles Suez from the perspective of the Europeans but does a great job in doing so. THE book for Cold War Europe.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the United Kingdom of the Netherlands from its founding in 1814 all the way until its end in 1830 after the Belgian Revolution. It only had one king, William I (although his dad was William V because titles) and he really did try to unite the north and the south. He was a tad authoritarian though and his ignoring the south's issues led to its declaration of independence as the Kingdom of Belgium. Belgium's place between France and Prussia saw Britain guarantee its independence which led to its declaration of war against Germany in 1914.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers Emperor Julian, the last pagan emperor of Rome. His very short reign saw his usurp the throne from Constantius II (Constantine the Great's son). He attempted to make some reforms, mostly economic but his main purpose was to reverse the empire's conversion to Christianity. He tried but before he could secure his position he died on campaign in Persia and he was succeeded by the Christian Jovian.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. This saw France start a war with the North German Confederation (mostly Prussia) because of a diplomatic slight. The French, to put it mildly, didn't do so well and the war was over in six months with a Prussian victory and the unification of Germany. Importantly for France, the peace saw the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine which would cause problems between the two for decades. Recommended reading: Iron Kingdom by Sir Christopher Clark. Probably the best non-academic single-volume book on Germany (Prussia really). Great for broader context too.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna James Baker Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Joshua William Foster Blaine Tillack Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos Cornel Thomas Mitchell Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Matthew Crighton Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Perry Gagne Fuzzythefair Daan ter Elst Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Richard Manklow Andrew Keeling Rbj Mark Bevan João Santos anon This episode covers the Crimean War (1853-1856) between the Russian Empire and the Ottomans, the British, the French and the Sardinians. It began largely out of Russo-Ottoman rivalry and because French Emperor Napoleon III had been appointed the protector of Christians within the Ottoman Empire, at the expense of the Russian Emperor Nicholas I. The war really kicked off in 1854 with the British and French invasion of Crimea and largely ended with the capture of Sevastopol in 1855, after which the Russians sued for peace.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling This episode covers the 1940 German invasion and conquest of Denmark as part of Operation Weserübung. Denmark didn't resist for too long, just under six hours, but the soldiers of Denmark were willing to do their duty against the Germans. Their helmets were also the best in human history.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling This episode covers the short career of Captain Bartholomew Roberts who ransacked the Caribbean over a three year period from 1719-1722. He raided the West Coast of Africa in 1721 and the next year was hunted down and found by the HMS Swallow, captained by Chaloner Ogle. In the confrontation Roberts was killed and his death is seen by many to mark the end of the Golden Age of Piracy

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling This episode covers the Second Opium War and its effect on both China and the European powers fighting it. Britain was simply itching for a war and when the governor of Canton interned a ship from Hong Kong. This was enough and so war (with added France). Like the first war, European technological superiority won the day and after burning down the summer palace the Chinese agreed to a truce.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling This episode covers the Velvet Revolution of 1989 within Czechoslovakia which saw the peaceful overthrow of the Communist Government there. Afterwards, things weren't all sunshine and roses though and latent Nationalist sentiment reared its head again. Both the Czech and Slovak halves of the nation did little to save the union and so divorce it was. Recommended reading: Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 by Tony Judt. This book is the be-all and end-all for the Cold War in Europe. I recommend it all the time because it deserves to be recommended all the time.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling This episode covers the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed by the USSR and Germany in 1939. Officially, the treaty was a non-aggression pact between the two but it also held secret protocols which divided Eastern Europe up between the two. Fun stuff. Recommended Reading: Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin by Timothy Snyder. Covers Eastern Europe during the thirties and the Second World War as well as the region's background. Fantastic book and very readable.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling This episode covers the Ukrainian Famine of 1932-1933 which saw over roughly three million Ukrainians starve to death. This episode covers the process of collectivisation which helped to disrupt the harvests of the period which led to the collapse of grain yields. After this the Soviet Government did sweet nothing to alleviate the famine and even went so far as to deny its existence or dismiss it as nothing more than a capitalist-backed hunger strike. Recommended Reading: Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin by Timothy Snyder. A highly acclaimed book about Eastern Europe prior to World War 2 and with good reason. Covers all of the goings on in the region and how politics was directed by the USSR.

Shout-out to my Patron Joshua for coming up with the series name. Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Franco La Bruna Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Mitchell Wildoer anon Andrew Niedbala Blaine Tillack William Foster Bernardo Santos Cornel Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Daan ter Elst Paul FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Mark Bevan João Santos Ryfael Rbj Richard Manklow Chris Fatta Andrew Keeling How on earth did Ancient or Medieval Borders work? Find out here and learn all about headless tribes and the concept of a frontier whilst doing so. Sources: Historical Ecosystem: Roman Frontier and Economic Hinterlands in North Africa by Orietta Dora Cordonova (2012). Frontiers and Borderlands in Imperial Perspectives: Exploring Rome's Egyptian Frontier by Anne Lucille Boozer (2013). England, Scotland and Europe: The Problem of the Frontier by D. Hay (1974). Scottish Influences on the Medieval Laws of the Anglo-Scottish Marches by Cynthia Neville (2002).

Shout-out to my Patron Joshua for coming up with the series name. Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: James Bisonette Richard Wolfe Franco La Bruna Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Joshua Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer anon Cornel Danny Anstess Blaine Tillack Matthew Will Davis-Coleman Bernardo Santos William Foster Norman A. Letterman Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung Paul Armani_Banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Spencer Smith João Santos Richard Manklow William Olson Andrew Keeling Rbj Chance Cansler Mark Bevan Why didn't the Austro-Hungarian Empire have a colonial empire like say Germany or Britain? Was there any interest in one? Where did they have their eye on? Sources: The Battle over Information and Transportation: Extra-European Conflicts between the Hungarian State and the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Ministry by James Callaway, Colonial Austria: Austria and the Overseas (2012) by Walter Sauer, Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary’s Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered by Walter Sauer. Colonialism through Emigration: Publications and Activities of the ÖsterreichischUngarische Kolonialgesellschaft (1894–1918) by Simon Loidl.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: James Bisonette Richard Wolfe Franco La Bruna Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Joshua Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer anon Cornel Danny Anstess Blaine Tillack Matthew Will Davis-Coleman Bernardo Santos William Foster Norman A. Letterman Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung Paul Armani_Banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Spencer Smith João Santos Richard Manklow William Olson Andrew Keeling Rbj Chance Cansler Mark Bevan What was life like for Frenchmen who lived in Alsace-Lorraine after its annexation? Find out by watching. Sources: The Economic Consequences of Annexation: Alsace-Lorraine and Imperial Germany (1971) by Dan P. Silverman. The German Empire: An Empire? (2008) by Edward Ross Dickinson. The Franco-German trade Puzzle: an analysis of the economic consequences of the Franco-Prussian War (2012) by Béatrice Dedinger.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: James Bisonette Richard Wolfe Franco La Bruna Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Joshua Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer anon Cornel Danny Anstess Blaine Tillack Matthew Will Davis-Coleman Bernardo Santos William Foster Norman A. Letterman Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung Paul Armani_Banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Spencer Smith João Santos Richard Manklow William Olson Andrew Keeling Rbj Chance Cansler Mark Bevan Why did Romania join the Axis Powers during World War 2. Self-preservation, mostly. Sources: Germany and the Establishment of the Romanian National Legionary State, September 1940 by Rebecca Haynes. National Projects, Regional Identities, Everyday Compromises: Szeklerland in Greater Romania (1919-1940) by Stefano Bottoni. The Dysfunctional Coalition: The Axis Powers and the Eastern Front in World War II by R.L. DiNardo. Territorial Dimensions of Hungarian Ethnic Identity by George W. White.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: James Bisonette Richard Wolfe Franco La Bruna Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Joshua Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer anon Cornel Danny Anstess Blaine Tillack Matthew Will Davis-Coleman Bernardo Santos William Foster Norman A. Letterman Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung Paul Armani_Banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Spencer Smith João Santos Richard Manklow William Olson Andrew Keeling Rbj Chance Cansler Mark Bevan TL:DW - Had no money. The war was unpopular. Dodged a bullet. Sources: A Decision Delayed: Britain's Withdrawal from South East Asia Reconsidered, 1961-68 by Matthew Jones in: The English Historical Review, Vol. 117, No. 472 (June 2002). No Secrets Between ‘Special Friends’: America’s Involvement in British Economic Policy, October 1964-April 1965 by Raj Roy in: History, Vol. 89, No.3 (July 2004). The Johnson Administration and the British Labour Government: Vietnam, the Pound and East of Suez by John Dumbrell in: Journal of American Studies, Vol. 30, No.2, Part 2. (August 1996). The Johnson Administration and the Recruitment of Allies in Vietnam, 1964-1968 by Jonathan Colman and J. J. Widén in: History, Vol. 94, No. 4 (October 2009).

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: James Bisonette Richard Wolfe Franco La Bruna Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Joshua Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer anon Cornel Danny Anstess Blaine Tillack Matthew Will Davis-Coleman Bernardo Santos William Foster Norman A. Letterman Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung Paul Armani_Banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Spencer Smith João Santos Richard Manklow William Olson Andrew Keeling Rbj Chance Cansler Mark Bevan Did Austria and Austrians actually want to join Germany in 1938? Was it a forceable annexation or was there a popular groundswell to join Germany? Turns out many wanted it, just that the current leadership was a bit off putting. Sources: Hermann Neubacher and the Austrian Anschluss Movement, 1918-1940 by Harry R. Ritter in: Central European History, Vol. 8, No.4 (1975) German Imperialism and Austria, 1939 by Maurice Williams in: Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1979) The Short- and Long-Term Effects of the Authoritarian Regime and of Nazism in Austria: The Burden of a ‘Second Dictatorship’ in: Historical Social Research, No. 28 (2016) by Gerhard Botz.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: James Bisonette Richard Wolfe Franco La Bruna Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Joshua Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer anon Cornel Danny Anstess Blaine Tillack Matthew Will Davis-Coleman Bernardo Santos William Foster Norman A. Letterman Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung Paul Armani_Banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Spencer Smith João Santos Richard Manklow William Olson Andrew Keeling Rbj Chance Cansler Mark Bevan Why didn't the Ottoman Empire colonise the Americas? Mostly, it was geography and a confidence that it wouldn't change the balance of power. Sources: Law in China or Conquest in the Americas: Competing Constructions of Political Space in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire by Baki Tezcan in: Journal of World History, Vol. 24 (2013). The Era of Suleyman the Magnificent: Crisis of Orientation by Subhi Labib in: International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 10 (1979).

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Andrew Niedbala Cornel Matthew Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos LavaLampLover3000 Norman A. Letterman William Foster Blaine Tillack Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Jeffrey Schneider Paul Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Shaun Pullin Richard Manklow Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling William Olson João Santos In this episode we find out whether or not appeasement worked. Spoiler alert: no. Sources: Wishful Thinking or Buying Time? The Logic of British Appeasement in the 1930s by Norrin M. Ripsman and Jack S. Levy in International Security, Vol. 33 (2008) Finance and the End of Appeasement: The Bank of England, the National Government and the Czech Gold by David Blaazer in Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 40 (2005) The French Navy and the Appeasement of Italy, 1937-9 by Reynolds M. Salerno in The English Historical Review, Vol. 112 (1997).

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Andrew Niedbala Cornel Matthew Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos LavaLampLover3000 Norman A. Letterman William Foster Blaine Tillack Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Jeffrey Schneider Paul Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Shaun Pullin Richard Manklow Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling William Olson João Santos In this episode we'll find out about how Ethiopia/Abyssinia survived the Scramble for Africa.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Andrew Niedbala Cornel Matthew Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos LavaLampLover3000 Norman A. Letterman William Foster Blaine Tillack Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Jeffrey Schneider Paul Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Shaun Pullin Richard Manklow Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling William Olson João Santos In this episode we'll discuss why Bulgaria opted to join the axis. Spoiler: it's because they didn't want to get Yugoslavia'd. Sources: A Concise History of Bulgaria (2nd ed.) by R. J. Crampton. Sofia was bombed? Bulgaria's Forgotten War with the Allies by Irina Gigova in History and Memory, Vol. 23 (2011).

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Andrew Niedbala Cornel Matthew Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos LavaLampLover3000 Norman A. Letterman William Foster Blaine Tillack Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Jeffrey Schneider Paul Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Shaun Pullin Richard Manklow Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling William Olson João Santos In this episode we'll discuss why the Russian Empire opted to sell Alaska to the United States and for what amount.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Andrew Niedbala Cornel Matthew Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos LavaLampLover3000 Norman A. Letterman William Foster Blaine Tillack Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Jeffrey Schneider Paul Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Shaun Pullin Richard Manklow Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling William Olson João Santos In this episode we'll discuss why the Roman Empire never bothered to conquer Ireland. I mean it was right there.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Andrew Niedbala Cornel Matthew Mitchell Wildoer Bernardo Santos LavaLampLover3000 Norman A. Letterman William Foster Blaine Tillack Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Henry Rabung FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Jeffrey Schneider Paul Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Shaun Pullin Richard Manklow Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling William Olson João Santos In this episode we'll discuss why Turkey didn't fight in World War 2 and why it sat it out for so long. Sources: 'Turkish Diplomacy in the Balkans and the Mediterranean. Opportunities and Limits for Middle-Power Activism in the 1930s' by Dilek Barlas 'Great Britain, the Balkans, and Turkey in the Autumn of 1939' by Lynn H. Curtright

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Matthew John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer William Foster Blaine Tillack Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Richard Hartzell Cornel Borină LavaLampLover3000 Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhhh FuzzytheFair Jeffrey Schneider Armani_banani Paul Spencer Smith Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow João Santos Gabriel Lunde Sources: The Fall of the Spanish American Empire by R. A. Humphreys ‘Exempt from time and from its fatal change’: Spanish Imperial Ideology, 1450-1700 by Eva Botella-Ordinas The Decline of Spain (1500-1800): conjectural estimates by Carlos Álvarez-Nogal and Leandro Prados de la Escosura.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Matthew John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer William Foster Blaine Tillack Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Richard Hartzell Cornel Borină LavaLampLover3000 Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhhh FuzzytheFair Jeffrey Schneider Armani_banani Paul Spencer Smith Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow João Santos Gabriel Lunde Sources: Kohl and the German Reunification Era by Diethelm Prowe Imperial Overstretch: Germany in Soviet Policy from Stalin to Gorbachev by Hannes Adomeit Beyond the National Narrative: Implications of Reunification for Recent German History by Konrad H. Jarausch A Concise History of German (Third Edition) by Mary Fullbrook

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Matthew John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer William Foster Blaine Tillack Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Richard Hartzell Cornel Borină LavaLampLover3000 Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhhh FuzzytheFair Jeffrey Schneider Armani_banani Paul Spencer Smith Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow João Santos Gabriel Lunde Sources: A Concise History of German (Third Edition) by Mary Fullbrook Mapping the Polish Corridor: Ethnicity, Economics and Geopolitics by Joshua Hagen.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Matthew John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer William Foster Blaine Tillack Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Richard Hartzell Cornel Borină LavaLampLover3000 Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhhh FuzzytheFair Jeffrey Schneider Armani_banani Paul Spencer Smith Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow João Santos Gabriel Lunde Sources: The 'Tropical Dominions'': The Appeal of Dominion Status in the Decolonisation of India, Pakistan and Ceylon by Harshan Kumarasingham The Attlee Government, the Imperial Preference System and the Creation of the Gatt by Richard Toye The Conservative Party and Indian Independence, 1945-1947 by Nicholas Owen

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Matthew John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer William Foster Blaine Tillack Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Richard Hartzell Cornel Borină LavaLampLover3000 Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhhh FuzzytheFair Jeffrey Schneider Armani_banani Paul Spencer Smith Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow João Santos Gabriel Lunde How Lithuanian was the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth? Not very, frankly. Sources: ‘How Firm was the Polish-Lithuanian Federation?’ by Joseph Jakstas ‘The Problem of Unity in the Polish-Lithuanian State’ by Oswald P. Backus A Concise History of Poland by Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadski A Concise History of the Baltic States by Andrejs Plakans

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Tom Loghrin Joshua anon Matthew John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer William Foster Blaine Tillack Norman A. Letterman Danny Anstess Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Richard Hartzell Cornel Borină LavaLampLover3000 Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhhh FuzzytheFair Jeffrey Schneider Armani_banani Paul Spencer Smith Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Roberto Chance Cansler Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow João Santos Gabriel Lunde Why did Napoleon Invade Russia? TL:DW, he thought he was going to win. Sources: A Concise History of France by Roger Price. Long-Term Bandwagoning and Short-Term Balancing: The Lessons of Coalition Behaviour from 1792 to 1815 by Daniel J. Whiteneck Blinders, Blunders, and Wars: What America and China can learn by David C. Gompert, Hans Binnendijk and Bonny Lin

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon How dark were the Dark Ages? Not that dark, comparatively. Sources: The church of Ravenna, Constantinople and Rome in the seventh century by Veronica Ortenberg West-Harling. The Dark Ages by Janet L. Nelson. A People's History of Modern Europe by William A. Pelz. Medieval People in Town and Country: New Perspectives from Demography and Bioarchaeology by Maryanne Kowaleski

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon Why didn't Canada join the American Revolution? Basically because there didn't seem like too much to gain at the time. Sources: Nova Scotia and New England During the Revolution by Emily P. Weaver. Newfoundland in the Period before the American Revolution by W. B. Kerr. American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750-1804 by Alan Taylor.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon How did Belgium get an empire? The other European nations gave them one so they wouldn't fight over it. Sources: King Leopold's Imperialism and the Origins of the Belgian Colonial Party, 1860–1905 by Vincent Viaene. Belgium, the Congo, and Imperial Immobility: A Singular Empire and the Historiography of the Single Analytic Field by Matthew G. Stanard. Anglo-Belgian Military Relations and the Congo Question, 1911-1913 by Mary Elizabeth Thomas.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon Why did Britain give Hong Kong back to China? TL:DW - It's because they didn't have a choice. What were they going to do? Fight? Sources: A Reward for Good Behaviour in the Cold War: Bargaining over the Defence of Hong Kong, 1949-1957 by Chi-Kwan Mark Lack of Means or Loss of Will? The United Kingdom and the Decolonization of Hong Kong, 1957-1967 by Chi-Kwan Mark Hong Kong: The Critical Phase, 1945-1949 by W. Roger Louis

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon How did the Holy Roman Empire work? It was an antiquated mess but it did have a system of government that did work. Sort of. If everyone felt like it. Sources: Prussia's Relations with the Holy Roman Empire, 1740-1786 by Peter H. Wilson. Benjamin Franklin, Student of the Holy Roman Empire: His Summer Journey to Germany in 1766 and His Interest in the Empire's Federal Constitution by Jürgen Overhoff. The Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire after 1648: Samuel Pufendorf's Assessment in His Monzambano by Peter Schröder. Bolstering the Prestige of the Habsburgs: The End of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 by Peter H. Wilson.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon How terrible was Ivan the terrible? No more so than Henry VIII or Francis I or any other monarch but Ivan the 'Run of the Mill' doesn't have the same ring to it. Sources: The Popular Image of Ivan the Terrible by Maureen Perrie Reinventing the Russian Monarchy in the 1550s: Ivan the Terrible, the Dynasty, and the Church by Sergei Bogatyrev Ivan IV as Autocrat by Charles J. Halperin.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Kevin Sanders Chris Fatta Daniel Lambert Richard Wolfe Joshua Tom Loghrin Warren Rudkin Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Matthew John Garcia Richard Hartzell Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Henry Rabung August Block Perry Gagne Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Dinev PaulToon Kelly Moneymaker FuzzytheFair Armani_Banani Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Seth Reeves Haydn Noble Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Spencer Smith Cornel Borină Roberto Andrew Keeling Richard Manklow Chance Cansler João Santos Gabriel Lunde Pierre Le Mouel anon Reuploaded because facts are important and one shouldn't overestimate a woman's age. The English Crisis, Emperor Leopold, and the Origins of the Dutch Intervention in 1688 by Christoph Kampmann. The Idea of Conquest in Controversies Over the 1688 Revolution by M. P. Thompson. The Glorious Revolution in America. by David S. Lovejoy

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves Why does Russia own Kaliningrad? Well mostly because Germany lost it. Sources: Post-War Sovietization in Comparative Perspective. A Commentary. by Julia Orbertreis. A 'Baltic Republic in the Russian Federation' or the 'Fourth Baltic Republic'? Kaliningrad's Regional Programme in the 1990s by Paul Holtom.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves The Sino-Soviet Split was an important point in the Cold War whereby China and the USSR accused each other of being completely fake Communists. Thus they both threw a bit of a fit and refused to talk to each other anymore until the USSR died. Does anyone even read these? Sources: The Role of Foreign Affairs in the Fall of Nikita Khrushchev in October 1964 by Paul Du Quenoy Mao and China's Relations with the Superpowers in the 1950s: A New Look at the Taiwan Strait Crises and the Sino-Soviet Split by Michael M. Sheng Competing for Leadership: Split or Détente in the Sino-Soviet Bloc, 1959-1961 by Danhui Li and Yafeng Xia

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves Why were the Yugoslav Partisans so good? They had something to fight for, weren't exclusively Serbian, hid in the mountains and had an ideology.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves How did Mexico react to the Zimmermann Telegram? Barely. It's not like they could have done much.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves Why didn't Sweden Join World War 2? They were making a lot of money selling Iron and also, cataclysmic warfare didn't sound like much fun. Sources: A Concise History of Sweden by Neil Kent. The Swedish Midsummer Crisis of 1941: The Crisis That Never Was by Carl-Gustaf Scott

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves Why is Belarus a thing? By successive governments slowly giving in over time. Sources: Understanding Belarus: Belarusian Identity by Grigory Ioffe Russification: Word and Practice 1863-1914 by Theodore R. Weeks

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders sharpie660 Tom Loghin Joshua anon Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Rastro Bernardo Santos Ariadni Voulgari Will Davis-Coleman Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Vesko Diney Adam Barrett FuzzytheFair Armani_banani Byzans_Scotorius Jeffrey Schneider Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borinã Colin Steele Richard Maklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde João Santos Pierre Le Mouel Konstantin Bredyuk Seth Reeves What was the Soviet Reaction to the Moon Landings? They acknowledged the achievement but didn't make a fuss.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program: From Deterrence to Dismantlement by Waldo Stumpf Why South Africa Gave up the Bomb by J.W. de Villiers, Roger Tardine and Mitchell Reiss.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: The Fates of Republics and Empires Hang in the Balance: The United States and Europe during the Civil War Era by Brian Schoen Britain and America: Towards Strategic Coincidence by Raymond G. H. Seitz

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: The Relations of the Norwegian with the English Church, 1066-1399, and Their Importance to Comparative Literature by Henry Goddard Leach Norwegian Crusaders and the Balearic Islands by Gary B. Doxey.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: A Concise History of Germany by Mary Fulbrook. The Stasi and the East German Revolution of 1989 by Richard Popplewell

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: Mesopotamia in British War Aims, 1914-1918 by V. H. Rothwell. France's Middle Eastern Ambitions, the Sykes-Picot Negotiations, and the Oil Fields of Mosul, 1915-1918 by Edward Peter Fitzgerald

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: The Couronians and The West Indies: The First Settlements by Edgar Anderson Balts in the Caribbean: The Duchy of Courland's attempts to colonize Tobago Island, 1638 to 1654 by Karin Jekabson-Lemains.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Kevin Sanders Richard Wolfe Daniel Lambert Chris Fatta anon sharpie660 D. Mahlik Cykler770(Ger) Warren Rudkin John Garcia Andrew Niedbala Mitchell Wildoer Blaine Tillack Bernardo Santos Will Davis-Coleman Perry Gagne Jordan Mccann Sam August Block Henry Rabung Shaun Pullin Joooooshhhhh Danny Anstess Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett Armani_banani Haydn Noble Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Byzans_Scotorius Spencer Smith Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Josh Cornelius Colin Steele Chance Cansler Richard Manklow Pierre Le Mouel Donald Weaver Gabriel Lunde Konstantin Bredyuk João Santos Seth Reeves Sources: Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Life in Power by Christopher Clark. "My Name Is Ozymandias": The Kaiser in Exile by Sally Marks

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk What happened to Rhodesia? It became Zimbabwe and everything thereafter was perfect and nothing hurt anymore.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk The French Occupation of the Ruhr. What a fun time. But seriously they achieved nothing. Also, hyperinflation.

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk Why did people stop duelling? Because shooting people for being rude to you became to be seen as impolite. Sources: The Code of Honour and Its Critics: The Opposition to Duelling in England, 1700-1850 by Donna T. Andrew Courts of Honour in the Late Imperial Russian Army by Paul Robinson The Double Guilt of Dueling: The Stain of Suicide in Anti-Dueling Rhetoric in the Early Republic by Richard Bell

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk How were medieval taxes collected? They just did the rounds and picked it up, who'd have guessed? Also, rich people didn't pay it. Sources: State, Feudal, and Private Economy in Byzantium by Alexander Kazhdan Economic Factors in the Decline of the Byzantine Empire by Peter Charanis On the Importance of Land Tenure and Agrarian Taxation in the Byzantine Empire, from the Fourth Century to the Fourth Crusade by Kenneth M. Setton

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk The Cod Wars. Britain wanted to fish, Iceland said no. Ramming. Sources: Fishing in the Mild West: Democratic Peace and Militarised Interstate Disputes in the Transatlantic Community by Gunther Hellman and Benjamin Herborth

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk What did Native Americans do during the Civil War? They mostly lost. Not in battle as such but in the peace. Sources: Lest We Remember: Civil War Memory and Commemoration among the Five Tribes by Jeff Fortney “If a War It May Be Called”: The Peace Policy with American Indians by Jennifer Graber Native Americans and the Civil War by Arrell Morgan Gibson

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Richard Wolfe Chris Fatta Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert Stefan Møller sharpie660 D. Mahlik anon Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala John Garcia Ariadni Voulgari Bernardo Santos Blaine Tillack Danny Anstess Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Sam Shaun Pullin Henry Rabung Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Vesko Dinev Adam Barrett I’m Not In The Description Troy Schmidt hamid kadiwala FuzzytheFair Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider Byzans_Scotorius Haydn Noble Spencer Smith Josh Cornelius Gideon Rashkes Cornel Borină Colin Steele João Santos Richard Manklow Chance Cansler Gabriel Lunde Donald Weaver Pierre Le Mouel Seth Reeves Konstantin Bredyuk Turns out Canada had a revolution. It didn't go very well but they tried. This obviously means that New Zealand is now the good dominion. Sources: THE CANADIAN REBELLIONS OF 1837-38: AN EPISODE IN NORTHERN BORDERLAND HISTORY by T. P. Dunning The Meaning of Patriot: The Canadian Rebellion and American Republicanism, 1837-1839 by Marc L. Harris The Patriot War of 1837-1838: Locofocoism with a Gun? by Andrew Bonthius

The Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War One, is perhaps the most famous peace treaty in human history. It ended the German Empire, assigned Germany the blame for the First World War and took a chunk of its territory away from it and gave it to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania. It's often decried as being too harsh and as being the cause of World War 2. But just how harsh was the Treaty of Versailles, was it really that bad? Find out in this video, the latest in my very short, animated historical documentaries (about history). Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert anon Stefan Møller sharpie660 Wolf D. Mahlik John Garcia Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala Paul McGee Ariadni Voulgari Sam Bernardo Santos Danny Anstess August Block Vesko Diney Christopher Godfrey Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Henry Rabung Troy Schmidt Adam Barrett Lachlan hamid kadiwala I’m Not In The Description Liam Gilleece Chris Hall Byzans_Scotorius Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Kinfe85 Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Josh Cornelius Julian Baumann Richard Manklow StukaJi86 Colin Steele Konstantin Bredyuk Gabriel Lunde João Santos Donald Weaver Nick Finan Seth Reeves Pierre Le Mouel Yasin Ayas Blake Dryad Sources: Justice and Moral Regeneration: Lessons from the Treaty of Versailles by Catherine Lu Mistakes and Myths: The Allies, Germany, and the Versailles Treaty, 1918–1921 by Sally Marks German Taxation Policy in the World-War by R. R. Kuczynski (This was literally written in 1923 but sweet Bismarck I couldn’t find any information on German tax receipts). Fiscal Centralization, Limited Government, and Public Reven

When you think of the Soviet Union, you don't often think of elections, democracy or voting. Yet they did have elections, and citizens did go out on polling day just like in many democracies at the time. So how did these elections work and who could a citizen vote for? Were they free and fair? What if you didn't like any of the candidates? Well tough, Comrade. Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert anon Stefan Møller sharpie660 Wolf D. Mahlik John Garcia Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala Paul McGee Ariadni Voulgari Sam Bernardo Santos Danny Anstess August Block Vesko Diney Christopher Godfrey Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Henry Rabung Troy Schmidt Adam Barrett Lachlan hamid kadiwala I’m Not In The Description Liam Gilleece Chris Hall Byzans_Scotorius Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Kinfe85 Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Josh Cornelius Julian Baumann Richard Manklow StukaJi86 Colin Steele Konstantin Bredyuk Gabriel Lunde João Santos Donald Weaver Nick Finan Seth Reeves Pierre Le Mouel Yasin Ayas Blake Dryad Sources: The Personality Cult of Stalin in Soviet Posters, 1929-1953 by Anita Pisch Soviet Elections as a Measure of Dissent: The Missing One Percent by Jerome M. Gibson. Soviet Elections Revisited: Voter Abstention in Noncompetitive Voting by Rasma Karklins

Answer: 1935. Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert anon Stefan Møller sharpie660 Wolf D. Mahlik John Garcia Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala Paul McGee Ariadni Voulgari Sam Bernardo Santos Danny Anstess August Block Vesko Diney Christopher Godfrey Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Henry Rabung Troy Schmidt Adam Barrett Lachlan hamid kadiwala I’m Not In The Description Liam Gilleece Chris Hall Byzans_Scotorius Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Kinfe85 Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Josh Cornelius Julian Baumann Richard Manklow StukaJi86 Colin Steele Konstantin Bredyuk Gabriel Lunde João Santos Donald Weaver Nick Finan Seth Reeves Pierre Le Mouel Yasin Ayas Blake Dryad Sources: ‘The Naming of Names’ by Geoffrey Lewis in The British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Iranian Studies in the United Kingdom in the Twentieth Century by Mansour Bonakdarian English in Post-Revolutionary Iran by Maryam Borjian

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Tenminhistory Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164 Merch: https://teespring.com/stores/history-matters-store-2 Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon: Alen Chris Fatta Richard Wolfe Kevin Sanders Daniel Lambert anon Stefan Møller sharpie660 Wolf D. Mahlik John Garcia Warren Rudkin Mitchell Wildoer Andrew Niedbala Paul McGee Ariadni Voulgari Sam Bernardo Santos Danny Anstess August Block Vesko Diney Christopher Godfrey Shaun Pullin Perry Gagne Joooooshhhhh Magdalena Reinberg-Leibel Henry Rabung Troy Schmidt Adam Barrett Lachlan hamid kadiwala I’m Not In The Description Liam Gilleece Chris Hall Byzans_Scotorius Mark Ploegstra Jeffrey Schneider FuzzytheFair Kinfe85 Haydn Noble Gideon Rashkes Josh Cornelius Julian Baumann Richard Manklow StukaJi86 Colin Steele Konstantin Bredyuk Gabriel Lunde João Santos Donald Weaver Nick Finan Seth Reeves Pierre Le Mouel Yasin Ayas Blake Dryad Sources: Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1296-1389: Some Recent Essays by Bruce Webster Scotland's 'Auld Alliance' with France, 1295–1560 by Elizabeth Bonner Edward III and the Beginnings of the Hundred Years War by G. Templeman