Applied Science

Join me in brainstorming and building a bite force sensor that allows paraplegic musicians to smoothly control an expression pedal. This video will include construction tips and tricks, methods, material selection, and a little design philosophy. Tiny linear potentiometer used in final design: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/bourns-inc/3046L-1-103/3781580 Spring-loaded linear potentiometer: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/tt-electronics-bi/404R10KL1-0/2408603 Sil-Poxy for bonding silicone rubber to itself and other materials: https://www.smooth-on.com/product-line/sil-poxy/ Sorta Clear 40 - Platinum-cure silicone molding: https://www.smooth-on.com/products/sorta-clear-40/ Light-cure 3311 adhesive: https://www.mcmaster.com/1700A253/ (expensive, but this tube will last a long time) Blue lasers on eBay "5mW" *wink* https://www.ebay.com/itm/3-Packs-900Mile-Strong-Laser-Pointer-Pen-Green-Blue-Red-Light-Visible-Beam-Lazer/174479770737 Braided shield, highly flexible, 4-conductor cable: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/tensility-international-corp/30-00218/5270175 Fabric reinforced silicone sheet: https://www.mcmaster.com/8612K51/ Mechanical CAD on github: https://github.com/benkrasnow/BiteSensor Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

"200 Calories" on a nutrition label doesn't describe the total flammable caloric content. I explore the differences between digestible and flammable calories using a homemade calorimeter with glass windows. Pressure sensor: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/te-connectivity-measurement-specialties/M5842-000005-10KPG/7592854 Schedule 160 pipe on McMaster: https://www.mcmaster.com/7733K259/ 32 ga nichrome wire: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07DL4DSWD/ Power supply (used for ignition wire): https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07SS77N7K/ Keithley 6.5 digit multimeter: https://www.tek.com/tektronix-and-keithley-digital-multimeter/dmm6500 Tek MSO 4 series oscilloscope: https://www.tek.com/oscilloscope/4-series-mso-mixed-signal-oscilloscope Soylent: https://soylent.com/ Hmm, I perhaps mis-remembered that 20% stat from Sally Le Page's video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92F_yocEchA There may have been another source that indicated the 20% number. This will probably show up in my future video on macronutrients. Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

An explanation and demo of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper metal on glass. Precursors are copper(I) chloride and hydrogen, processed in a hot-wall tube quartz tube furnace. 10 torr operating pressure 500 sccm argon sweep/purge gas constantly flowing 75 sccm CuCl argon pulse gas (17 seconds including flow controller lag) 100 sccm H pulse gas (14 seconds including flow controller lag) 7 second purge time between pulses 100mm quartz tube furnace diameter 415*C deposition temperature 350*C CuCl evaporation temperature Substrates are mostly borosilicate glass cleaned with RCA clean The "good" samples shown in the video are about 750 cycles (about 9 hours Main ref: https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1002/cvde.19970030107 Also helpful: https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5087759 https://sci-hub.se/10.1149/2.0261501jss https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(92)90191-K Alicat flow controller manuals (hard to find via website navigation): https://documents.alicat.com/manuals/DOC-MANUAL-MC.pdf https://documents.alicat.com/manuals/old/Gas_Flow_Controller_Manual_rev7.pdf https://documents.alicat.com/Alicat-Serial-Primer.pdf RCA clean: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_clean CuCl synthesis: http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c1901exp35.html Support Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Thermal stress cracking can be completely avoided by CO2 laser cutting thin alumina sheets underwater. I also show how to formulate and apply silver paste, then sinter in a kiln to produce double-sided ceramic printed circuit boards with conductive vias. 60W CW CO2 laser at 80% power. 10mm/sec. Standard lens focal length (50mm). 2mm water above ceramic. 180 passes to cut through 0.75mm thick alumina. Silver paste: 97% silver powder, 3% glass powder by mass. Particle size 1 micron or less. Add poly vinyl alcohol mold release until desired consistency reached. Paste applied with 4 mil thick vinyl stencil. Dried in air 10 minutes, then rapidly brought up to 900*C, held for 10 minutes, then rapidly brought back down to room temperature. Total cycle about 45 minutes. I measured electrical conductivity of the finished traces from my process with vinyl stencils: 4 milliohms per square at 10 micron final thickness. This is pretty close to the Dupont published spec ( less than 2 milliohm/sq at 16 micron thick) Underwater CO2 laser cutting reference: https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/J.JEURCERAMSOC.2011.06.015 60W laser cutter: https://www.ebay.com/itm/294386493292 Ceramic sheets at McMaster: https://www.mcmaster.com/alumina/nonporous-alumina-ceramic-sheets-and-bars/ Ceramic PCB prototypes: https://ceramic-pcb.com/product/alumina-pcb-al2o3-pcb-prototypes-online/ Quickfire kiln: https://kruegerpottery.com/products/par_quikfire6 Raspberry Pi picoReflow oven controller: https://apollo.open-resource.org/mission:resources:picoreflow Silver powder: https://www.ebay.com/itm/122525930519 Glass glaze: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0044SCR6O Macor: https://www.mcmaster.com/materials/material~glass-mica-ceramic/ Dupont silver paste: https://www.dupont.com/content/dam/dupont/amer/us/en/transportation-industrial/public/documents/en/LF131.pdf Binders for ceramic powder: https://digitalfire.com/article/binders+for+ceramic+bodies PVA mold release: https://www.tappl