Arvin Ash

Is time travel possible? Of course it is…into the future. You and I are travelling in time right now. And travelling into the far future also is also a reality using Einstein’s principle of time dilation when you travel at high speeds or are near a really high gravity source. If you travel at nearly the speed of light, your time could slow so much that a day for you may be 10 years on earth. What doesn’t appear to be possible is travel into the past. So if you did travel into the future, you wouldn’t be able to come back to your previous time. Time travel into the past presents paradoxes, the most famous of which is the “grandfather paradox” where a traveler goes back in time, and murders his own grandfather. This alters the course of history in a way that the traveler couldn’t have been born to travel back in time to kill his grandfather. These paradoxes cannot exist in nature according to the Hawking chronology protection conjecture. So the idea of time travel as your current self is likely not possible. However, going back to a past version of yourself cannot be ruled out. This means that using any technology to go back to your past would bring you back to a younger version of yourself, but you would not know that you had travelled back in time. The events that took place during that earlier time would play out EXACTLY like they did as before. Now, this would not be much fun because you would just be reliving a past that would be no different, and you would simply relive it exactly as you did before. You could not change anything because it is already written in stone, and no information or knowledge would have travelled back with you. It turns out this type of travel back in time is theoretically possible, and there are three methods to do this. 1) Caroline Mallary a phD student at the University of Massachusettes, Dartmouth proposed this. You would take two long spaceships and park them in parallel. One car move

What is entanglement theory? It is a Mystery, and here is a potential solution. But its implications are so paradigm shattering that most scientists refuse to believe it. Maybe we can't handle the truth? Imagine you found a pair of dice such that no matter how you tossed them, they always added up to 7. Besides becoming the richest man in Vegas, what you would have there is something called an entangled pair of dice. You could now separate these entangled dice. You could have your friend Alice take one of these to Macau, while the other one stays with you in Las Vegas. And as soon as you rolled your dice, the other one would always instantly show a number that added up to 7. Since this happens instantly, did your dice communicate at faster than speed of light to Macau? Scientists can create entangled photons, for example, by shining a laser on a nonlinear optical crystal. The Entanglement means that a pair of photons act like a single entity rather than two separate particles. To understand entanglement better, you first have to accept the fact that at the quantum scale, reality is fuzzy. Reality really doesn’t know what it is, until it is measured. This is like a single dice tossed in the air that doesn’t have a distinct face until it lands. When tossed up, it is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 all at once. Quantum particles are similar in that they do not have distinct properties until they are measured. Particles such as a photon exists in all possible states simultaneously. But when it is measured, it is in only one state. And if the photon is entangled, this measurement of one particle causes its entangled pair to simultaneously exhibit the opposite state, no matter what the distance is between them. Einstein disliked this idea of one particle influencing the other over long distances so much, he called it “spooky action at a distance.” Einstein believed that the particles carried information about each other at the moment that they were

How do you spot a psychopath? How do you spot a sociopath? You'll want to watch this video all the way to the end before you befriend, date, marry or work for anyone! Psychopath test Here: https://qst.darkfactor.org How to Spot a psychopath...You know the kind -- superbly charming, handsome, pretty, seemingly kind, humble, yet a complete psychopath. The problem is that psychopaths are good at deception. They will tell you what you want to hear, and lie straight to your face, and their body language can exude such confidence that you have no way to know that they are a complete fraud. But fortunately, scientists have recently discovered a definitive way to know whether a person is a psychopath or not. Researchers at the University of Cardiff in the U.K. have discovered a rather simple test to determine whether a person is a psychopath. They examined a normal group of people, and a known psychopathic group of criminals. They showed both groups disturbing images such as pictures of mutilated bodies, crime scenes, vicious dogs, and other “scary” images. The normal criminals had the normal reaction of enlarged pupils. But the psychopaths showed no physical change. Their pupils did not dilate, but stayed exactly the same. Normal human beings, when threatened, agitated or excited display dilated pupils. This is normal. It is a part of our fight or flight reaction. It helps us focus and get ready for battle or escape. Psychopaths however, are seemingly unmoved by these kinds of frightening pictures, and threatening situations. So how do you use this to your advantage in determining whether your new boss, your new date, or a friend is a psychopath. That’s not going to be easy. Maybe you show them a disgusting picture, or take them to see a horror movie, and watch their eyes very closely. That might be hard to do in a dark movie theater, so you may have watch it at home. Maybe you tell them an emotional or scary story, and look ver

What is string theory? When string theory is simplified - it can answer the question "Why do we exist?" First you must accept that there are two worlds we live in - the world of the large, the world we can see, which is familiar, calm, and predictable. And there is the world of the small, the world we can’t see, the quantum world, which is bizarre, chaotic, and unpredictable. #stringtheory The large is described by Einstein’s equations of relativity, and the small is described by the equations of quantum mechanics. These two parts of nature are incompatible when it comes to the equations of physics. The small is ruled by 3 forces – the strong nuclear force, the weak force, and electromagnetism. The large is ruled by gravity. Gravity is not like the other forces, and nobody has been able to figure out how it is related to the other forces. String theory attempts to do just that. And if it can, it would unite the small and large worlds of our universe into one set of equations, and would explain all particles and forces in the universe. This could be the theory of everything. String theory dispenses with the idea that the tiniest particles in nature are points, rather, string theory hypothesizes that at the smallest scales, nature is made of tiny vibrating bits of energy in the shape of filaments or strings. According to string theory all the elementary particles in the standard model are not points, but rather vibrating strings. Different vibrations of a string create the different particles, like different vibrations of piano strings create different notes. So according to ST, for example, one vibration may result in an electron, another may result in an Up quark. In fact the unique vibrations of these strings determine the mass, electric charge, and spin of all elementary particles. And it so happens that in one of its vibrations, a particle that has the properties of a graviton emerges from its mathematics. The graviton is a theoretica

Religions of the world Explained: 5 of the worlds most widespread and influential religions are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism. You may be surprised to learn that they all share something in common. In order to understand what they have in common, you have to know a little about them. So let's start with that. Buddhism The chief problem in life is suffering and it is caused by desiring worldly things. Suffering can be eliminated by getting rid of material desires. This will help you realize Nirvana, a state of bliss characterized by freedom from rebirths. Buddhists do not worship any God. Buddha was not a god, but a person who realized spiritual enlightenment and freedom from the cycle of birth and death. Most Buddhists believe a person has countless rebirths, which leads to suffering. To end these rebirths, the goal of a Buddhist is to purify one's heart and to let go of all yearnings of sensual desires and material attachment. Through practiced meditation a person may reach Nirvana – the ridding of desires, and freedom from reincarnations. Christianity: God is a loving God who offers everyone a personal relationship with himself now in this life. All people are born in sin. God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sins. Faith in Jesus Christ can deliver you from your sins. Jesus was tortured and gave his life on the Cross (At the Crucifixion). Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection) and proved his deity. The holy book of Christianity is the Bible, consisting of the jewish old testament and new testament. Followers of Jesus regard the Bible as God's written message to humankind. In addition to being an historical record of Jesus' life and miracles. Hinduisim: The world is an illusion, and the goal of humanity is to free the soul from constant rebirth and reincarnations, and to be absorbed into the cosmic consciousness, called Brahman. C

Is time an illusion? If not, what is time? Why does time flow forward? You are watching this video. Your brain cells are firing in anticipation. A story is unfolding. Time is moving forward. Or is it? What if I told you that nothing is happening. There is no story unfolding. The story has already been told. The video has already been uploaded and seen by others. You are just watching it one second at a time, so there is a story unfolding for you only. What if your entire life was like this video upload, like a DVD. The story of your life is already on that DVD. The only difference is that you don’t have a forward and reverse button. You are forced to experience your DVD one moment at a time. There is some strong scientific evidence that this may be the true nature of reality. If so, that could mean that everything you think you know is utterly an illusion. Einstein’s theory of relativity supports something called the block universe, which is really a four dimensional space time structure. This means that every event has its own coordinates not only in space but in time. So for example, wherever you are right now corresponds to a location in 3 dimensions, like London, England - and a location in time, 2PM on Feb 2, 2019. But just like the space 10 feet ahead of you is as real as the space 10 feet behind you, so too is the moment 10 minutes into the future and 10 minutes into the past. In other words, the past and future exist just as much as the present. MIT physicist Max Tegmark says we can view the universe as a three dimensional space where stuff happens, or four dimensional block universe where nothing happens. If it is the latter, he says, then change is really an illusion, because nothing is changing. It’s all there – past, present and future – like a DVD. A drama maybe unfolding in the movie recorded on the dvd, but nothing about the DVD is changing in any way. We may have the illusion, at any given moment, that the past al

Future predictions in 2019 are notoriously hard to make. What will life be like in 2050? Technology does not progress in a steady state, it accelerates. And usually the technology advances faster than we can imagine it, let alone predict it. But still many predictions that were made in the past have turned out to be true, even though they were unimaginable at the time that the prediction was made. In 1865, Jules Verne, the author who wrote 20,000 leagues under the sea, and journey to the center of the earth, predicted that we would send people to the moon, and it would precisely 3 people, from of all places, Florida. And he even described weightlessness in space. He had no way to know 150 year ago how gravity would behave in space. In 1909, Nikola Tesla, the inventor of the AC electrical system, predicted widespread use of personal wireless devices. This was over 100 years ago! In 1987, the late Roger Ebert, famous movie critic, predicted video on demand dominating the entertainment industry. You have to remember, this was 30 years ago, a time when video cassette tapes were just getting popular. What do these predictions have in common – they were all ridiculed at the time as foolish speculation. But of course, we now know that they were pretty much spot-on. Let’s take a look at what I consider the top 10 most incredible predictions, from some of the world’s most renowned thinkers. #10 - According to Nadia Thalmann, computer graphics scientist at the University of Geneva, CGI will replace most extras and actors in movies. Only the main characters and A-list top stars of the movie will be live actors. This has already started to happen for example in movies like Avatar. Acting may not be a great career choice, not that it is right now. #9 - We’ll never have to go shopping for groceries or anything else again, as drones will deliver food and other items on demand directly to your home. This is already in the works, as you mig

What Happens To Your Energy when you Die? During the time that you will be watching this video, 500 people around the world will die. Their thoughts, their hopes, their dreams no longer with us. About 3 people die every 2 seconds. I hope you will not be one of them. But if are, you may take some comfort knowing that your energy will live on. It will not ever be destroyed. Does this mean that the energy of your spirit or consciousness will also live on? Your energy after you die will in fact be HIGHER than it is while you are alive. How is that possible? The energy and matter in the universe does not change. It merely changes form. This is the first law of thermodynamics. Energy and matter do not get destroyed. To understand why your body after death has more energy than when it was alive, you have to understand where all the energy in your body is. The vast majority of your energy is in the form of chemical energy stored in the fats, proteins and carbohydrates that you carry around in your tissues and fluids. About 20% of your body weight is in the form of fats, and another 15% is in the form of proteins. About 2% is in the form of carbohydrates. All these are forms of chemical potential energy. When you are alive, and you are moving around. Your body is continually converting the chemical energy that you carry around in your body, in the form of carbohydrates like glucose into heat and kinetic energy which is used to move your your muscles like your heart, your arms, legs, intestines. These movements are eventually converted to heat. The formula looks like this. C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP + Heat Glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy ATP or Adenine Triphosphate is what your muscles use to contract and move. And all this energy that you are constantly expending is eventually turned into carbon dioxide, water, and heat. If you looked at your living body through a heat camera, you would see a wh

Investing for retirement. How to make a steady income of $1000/month. I want to share what I think would be a good strategy for someone who wants to retire early, or anyone who just wants make a steady monthly income from their investments. Let’s work with some numbers. The average retirement savings for someone 55 and above in the United states is about $185,000. Is there a way you can put this money to work such that you can get $1000/month or $12,000 per year of steady income for the rest of your life, without touching the principle? The good news is yes you can!! But you have to do it in a smart way so as to minimize the risks. And definitely avoid some investments that are pretty much scams. I am going to show you a way you can do this and minimize risk…coming up right now! In order to generate $1000/month from $185,000 – you have to get a return of 6.5% per year ($12,000/$185,000=6.47%) How is such a high return of 6.5% possible when the best interest rate you can get from savings at banks is closer to 2%. There are ways, but you have to be willing to take on additional risk. Smart risk. When I say “risk” I don’t mean risk like gambling your money at a Casino, where you can and you will lose all your money. By “risk” I mean the risk of losing some of your principle, on paper, because it can sometimes decline in value due to market fluctuations. You see, when you invest your money in a savings account at a bank, or money market, one of guarantees you get is that your principle of $185,000 will never go down in value. This is called “safety” which is short for “safety of principle.” Your principle of $185,000 is safe in value. The price you pay for this safety is low returns. In order to get a significantly higher rate of return like 6.5% instead of 2%, the compromise you have to be willing to make is to forgo this 100% safety of principle. You have to be willing to let your $185,000 fluctuate in market value

Out of body and near death experiences. Are they proof of an afterlife? Out of body, mystical experiences are surprisingly common. Does this mean that life after death exists? A third of people who have been near death report experiencing such an event. This kind of experience typically involves feelings of peacefulness, out of body detachment, seeing a bright light or moving through a tunnel. Believers and people of faith say that this is proof of an afterlife, and is evidence of a God that has a plan for our souls upon death. Even scientists say that in order to prove the existence of an afterlife, someone would have to return from the dead to tell us what happened. Doesn’t this near death experience then provide proof of an after life? Or can this phenomenon be explained through testing and science? First, people’s near death experience seems to be almost universally positive, with people reporting feelings of peace, comfort and reduced anxiety. Second, culture seems to influence what people experience. A recent scientific study by Neuroscientists Blanke, Faivre and Dieguez concluded that the “disembodied” experience is due to disturbances in a part of the brain called the temporo-parietal cortex. This is the part of the brain that gives us a sense of self, and body. Electromagnetic stimulation of this area has been demonstrated to produce out of body experiences. What about the people that see tunnels and a bright light at the end of the tunnel? The late Carl Sagan, famous astrophysicist, suggested that death can produce a kind of “remembrance of birth syndrome.” A feeling of being in a tunnel and seeing a bright light at the end of the tunnel is not unlike what a baby might experience as it is being born. And perhaps death can create this connection with latent memories of ones birth, he argued. When the human brain is dying, researchers have found that the body releases endorphins. These are the natural “feel good” drugs tha

E8 image credit: Wikipedia | Title: E8 Petrie projection | Author: Jgmoxness | Source: | License: CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E8Petrie.svg E8 Lie group and E8 Lattice has sometimes been called the most beautiful mathematical structure in the world. Is it the theory of everything or the true nature of reality? It even has an entire research company behind it called "Quantum Gravity Research" Note: E8 root system animation provided courtesy of David Madore - www.madore.org. It is a 248 dimensional object, but it can also be thought of as an object that has 8 spatial dimensions, with 248 symmetries. Why is this structure important? Well, it happens to show up in parts of String Theory. But also in 2007, a theoretical physicist Antony Garrett Lisi published a paper proclaiming that the mathematics of this structure contained all the particles and forces in the universe. He called it the “the exceptionally simple theory of everything” What Lisi did is he found a relationship between this object and all the forces and particles we know about. According to the standard model, there are 4 fundamental forces in nature, strong force, weak force, electromagnetism and gravity. And there are 12 fundamental particles. In addition, each of these particles has a antiparticle of itself. In total, these make up all the elementary particles, and there are exactly 28 of them. 24 elementary particles, and 4 force carrier particles. Each of these distinct elementary particles has eight quantum numbers assigned to it, based on the charges each particle has. This brings the number of distinct particles to 224. Lisi found that he could mathematically equate all of these particles to one of the points in the E8 model. But the model has 248 points, not 224. So what about the empty 24 extra points? He simply created 24 new theoretical particles. Notice how the lines radiate from each point: Lisi also found patterns emerging between

The credit card industry is a hugely profitable business for banks, that’s why you see so many bank commercials trying to get you to use their cards. What do credit card companies not want you to know? Which credit card is best? And which credit card should you get -- to avoid getting ripped off? Credit cards are a huge profit center for banks and financial institutions. Why? Just think about it, the average interest that a bank charges on a credit card is 17.65% - this is legalized loan sharking, because a bank cannot charge this kind of interest rate anywhere else. Not on mortgages or business loans. The interest you pay on your mortgage for example is a much more reasonable 5%. Business loans are 8% or so. Credit cards more than double that. In addition, the average US household carries a balance of $7000 on their credit card. Multiply these numbers together: $7000 x 17.65% = $1235 -- This means that banks can expect $1235 per year of free income for every single person they can get to sign up for their credit card. That’s significant. That’s like getting a $100/month cable subscription fee for just giving you a piece of plastic. But that’s not the only profit center for banks, they also rake the merchants over the coals - by taking a cut of about 2 to 4% on every single purchase you make. This is called merchant transaction fees. Merchants pay this to the credit card companies for the “privilege” of accepting credit cards from consumers. They have no choice because you would rather use your credit cards than give them cash or checks. To make things even more unfair for you, the credit card loans and fees are set up so that once you accrue interest, it is not easy to pay it all off in one big lump sum, because you find out at the end of the month that interest is accumulating on top of interest. This is compound interest in reverse. Like I said, this is legalized loan sharking. So I implore you to never ever keep a monthly bal

Are aliens real? If so, Are aliens living among us? Do aliens exist? Are ufos real? Could a large alien ship be “hiding” somewhere in outer space, undetected by us? Let’s say they had some kind of cloaking technology, such that they could not be seen. This is not that difficult. Astronomers can only see things in the sky that either reflect light, or emit X-rays, infrared, radio signals some other kind of electromagnetic radiation. An advanced race could probably easily disguise these signatures. #arealiensreal But then you have to think, how would such a ship of aliens get here. They could not have come from our own solar system, we know the planets in our system well enough to know that there are no advanced civilizations on the other planets here. They would have had to come from another star system. But even the closest star system is 4.5 light year away. So to make such a trip they would need to travel very fast, something that is close to or a large fraction of the speed of light. But anything that travels even close to the speed of light would need to expend a lot of energy. For example to accelerate a motorcycle to 1/10 the speed of light would take the energy equivalent of 10 hydrogen bombs. We humans would have detected this kind of energy signature and would see such a ship coming. One of the presumptions we may be making is that these alien creatures are a lot like us. Most aliens you see in the movies and on TV, look a lot like humans, with 2 arms, 2 legs, 2 eyes, a mouth, but just with a bigger head. This is just a projection of our human point of view. We have no other reference point. It is highly unlikely that this is how aliens would actually look. What if these intelligent aliens are on a different size scale? What if these aliens are drastically smaller than us. Bacteria and viruses are life forms so small that we can’t detect them except with the most powerful microscopes. What if the aliens were 1000 times bigge

What is the absolute best place to invest your money for the high returns? To answer this question, you first have to realize two things. First no one can predict the future. I can only tell you what investment performed the best in the past, and based on that information, you may be able to conclude that this same investment will also perform the best in the future. The other thing you have to realize is that high returns also come with high risk, meaning your principle could fluctuate in value quite a bit. There is no such thing as high returns without high risk. If anyone tries to sell you something that has a high return with low or no risk – that is a sure sign that he is ripping you off and is lying to your face. And you should run. So because of the fluctuation in value, or higher risk, you should only make a high return investment if you have a long term horizon, meaning you don’t need to touch the money for at least 10 years. If you need the money for an expected expense before that time, don’t put it in this kind of investment So, as long as you understand these two things, here is the absolute highest return investment over the past. This should be no surprise – Stocks have had the highest returns over the past 50, 75, and 90 years versus any other type of investment. In fact, if you invested $10,000 in the US stock market just 50 years ago in 1969, you would have over $1,000,000 today. In fact over the past 100 years, the stock market has seen an average return of about 7% per year. At this rate, the value of your investment doubles every 10 years. There is no good reason to think this won’t continue. Now what you also have to realize is that although this is a spectacular increase, it also comes with risk. This means that some years are great while other years are not so great. In the past 80 years, for example, the stock market had a positive return in 50 of those years, and a negative return in about 30 of those years.

6 paradigm-shifting Discoveries About humanity and extraterrestrial life. Recent scientific discoveries have shattered our ideas about where we came from and where we are headed. They have mind blowing implications regarding what we thought we knew about our past, and more importantly, they tell us something about where we are headed. 6) Forget everything you think you know about Neanderthals. They were not ape-like, dumb brutes. They were in fact, just like us. And in a sense, they did not disappear 40,000 year ago. They evolved – into us. They interbred with us. That’s right, we had sex with them… and consequently 2% of all current human genes are Neanderthal genes. They gave us immunity from many diseases, and lighter skin colors. Yes, they were lighter skinned than us, not darker. 5) The original population of native Americans immigrated from Asia and went almost straight to South America hugging the West Coast of Canada and the United States, before a secondary migration into North America. You would have thought that if the first populations of Native Americans came from the far north, what is now the Bering strait, they should have expanded into North America first, before spreading to South America. But anthropological finds indicate that they went straight to South America first. This could have been because they followed warm weather or game migrations. Scientist think much of North America may still have been in recovery from the ice age 25,000 years ago when they first migrated there. 4) There are more stars in the universe than grains of sand on all the beaches of the world. And Every Star has at least one planet orbiting it. The Keppler telescope has confirmed this. This makes it mathematically impossible that there is not at least another world where life exists. There has to be other life in the universe. The math indicates that the earth being the only planet with life is 1 in 6 sextillion. 6 followed by 21 zeros. B

What is the efficient frontier? It shows you the best portfolio mix between stocks and bonds, or Stock to bond ratio. You are probably familiar with the phrase, “No pain, no gain” if you work out in a gym. Or the phrase, “Nothing ventured, nothing gained” when it comes to business. This basically means that you have to take some risk, to get some reward. This is also true in investing, that risk is proportional to returns. You usually get higher returns if you are willing to take higher risk. For example, the stock market has higher returns than butting your money in treasury bonds, but it also means you take on higher risk. Or does it? Modern portfolio theory has a way where you can have your cake and eat it too, meaning, you can get a higher return and lower your risk is certain circumstances. If you put $100 in a savings account at a bank in the united states, which essentially has no risk, because it is FDIC insured, meaning the US government guarantees that your $100 will never go down in value. The average interest you will get in it in the U.S. is 0.1%. This means that at the end of the year, your savings account will be worth $100.10. If you put your money in the US stock market, which can have high risk, meaning it can fluctuate quite a bit, and nothing is guaranteed, at the end of the year, you could have a portfolio value of as much as $138 as would have happened in 1995, or $63 as would have happened in 2008. This fluctuation in value of principal is called risk. But on average, if you didn’t touch the money, you would have an annual return of about 7%. After an average 10 year period, your $100 would be worth $200 if invested in stocks. In the bank after 10 years, your $100 would be worth a whopping $101.05. Where you invest depends on your tolerance for risk. If you think you would pull all your hair out watching the stock market drop the value of $100 to $63 because you needed the money for something, then the stock marke

The double slit experiment - Does consciousness create reality? Quantum mechanics shows us that particles are in superposition, meaning they can exist in different states and even multiple places at the same time. They are nothing more than waves of probabilities, until the moment that they are measured. One interpretation of this phenomenon is that the measurement being made requires a measurer, or a conscious observer. If this is correct, then it implies that consciousness has to be is an integral part of creating the world that we observe. Could this consciousness then be required for creating reality? Does this mean that there would be no reality without consciousness? Experiments can show that what we think of as particles behave like waves. Waves of probabilities. This is the foundation of Quantum mechanics. The famous double slit experiment illustrates this. What is bizarre is that when you try to find out what’s going on at the slits by placing a detector at the two slits to try to figure out which slit the individual atoms are going through – the “WHICH WAY” information, they all of a sudden stop behaving like waves, and behave like particles. Why do atoms and other particles behave this way? There are many interpretations of this phenomenon. The most widely accepted interpretation, called the Copenhagen interpretation, was devised in 1925 by Neils Bohr and Werner Heisenberg at the University of Copenhagen. Their theory proposed that the atom when it is not measured, is not distinct. But the Copenhagen interpretation does not say anything about consciousness. But what is measurement after all? Does measurement take place at the instrument that measures it? Does measurement necessarily require a consciousness? This is called the “measurement problem of quantum mechanics.” Physicists do not universally agree on a resolution. There are various interpretations. One such interpretation is called the von Neumann–Wigner interpretati

The worst way to withdraw money during retirement? No matter how old you are, retirement is approaching or is already here. This means that you are going to have to withdraw some of the money you worked your whole life to save. But there’s a way to withdraw this money so that you don’t end up putting it in Uncle Sam’s pocket instead of your own. You need to minimize taxes, and keeping your investments working for you for as long as possible.In fact, if you withdraw money the wrong way, it could cost you tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost potential gains and unnecessary taxes. First you should always withdraw from your taxable investment income first. This means withdraw the dividends and capital gains that you have earned on your investments every year. Why? Because you have already paid taxes on these, so keeping them in the investment is not saving you any taxes. And Municipal bond income, if you have it in your taxable account should be the first one to draw on because all interest is completely federal tax free. But otherwise dividends and interest income should be your first tap. If you are seventy and a half, the federal government requires that you withdraw a certain portion of your IRA. This is called RMD or Required Minimum Distribution. Uncle Sam does this because they want their money, and they don’t want you to sit on it forever. They think that once you’re 70, you should start withdrawing it, so that you can pay your taxes on them before you die. And if you don’t withdraw, they will penalize you. So you have to do this first because otherwise you end up paying a hefty penalty if you don’t. It is almost never a good idea to not withdraw the required amount, and instead pay the penalty. However, if you are not 70 and a half, and you don’t need to withdraw from an IRA, then don’t withdraw. The reason is that the Federal government is allowing this investment to grow tax free until you withdraw. This means that

The Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser explained simply provides a shocking answer to whether the future affects the past. Could it be possible that that the future can influence the present? An enhanced version of the famous double slit experiment, called the delayed choice quantum eraser implies exactly that mind blowing scenario – that future events can influence past results. What exactly is a delayed choice quantum eraser, and how can it possibly show that the future is affecting the past? In 1978, a physicist by the name of John Archibald Wheeler proposed a thought experiment, called delayed choice. Wheeler’s idea was to imagine light from a distant quasar being gravitationally lensed by a closer galaxy. Wheeler noted that this light could be observed on earth in two different ways. This is called a delayed choice because the observer’s choice of selecting how to measure the particle is being done billions of years from the time that the particle left the quasar. But how could this be?...the light began its journey billions of years ago, long before we decided on which experiment to perform. It would seem as if the quasar light “knew” whether it would be seen as a particle or wave billions of years before the experiment was even devised on earth. Does this prove that somehow the particle’s measurement of its current state has influenced its state in the past? The act of measurement gives reality to the quantum particle. So in the delayed-choice experiment, this means the quantum doesn’t become “real” until you measure it. So this experiment does not prove that the present has influenced the past because the light could have been a wave and particle at the same time, and only become real when it was measured. However, another more recent experiment set up used a more complicated method to determine this idea of the future influencing a past. It introduced something called the quantum eraser to the delayed choice. So it is called the Delayed Choice

The Best places to retire in the u.s. and the best places to retire. I have done the research for you by consolidating information from a variety of places. The worst states to retire: 1) New Jersey 2) Maryland 3) New York 4) West Virginia 5) Connecticut New Jersey has the worst combination of not only being among the top 6 most expensive states – for example, it has the highest property taxes in the U.S. at 2.4% vs. an average of 1.2% for the rest of the country, but they also have one of the highest costs of health care, and below average quality of life. Retirees in Maryland have the 2nd highest household income, but high taxes and cost of living will exhaust that pretty quickly. It’s 17% higher than average to live in this state. They don’t tax social security, but IRAs are taxable. And they tax estates and inheritance, so it’s miserable for your heirs. New York is one of the most expensive states to live in, with one of the highest poverty rates among retirees at over 11%. The state has high property tax and sales tax as well. And if that’s to bad enough, Healthcare is also expensive. West Virginia has better than average affordability, but its health care is one of the two worst in the nation, and Quality of life is in the bottom 10. And the state is not tax friendly either. Connecticut is the least tax friendly state in the country. Real estate taxes are the 2nd highest, retirement income is fully taxed with no exemptions, and all this is on top of one of the highest cost of living states - being 24% higher than average. The Five Best States to retire: 1) South Dakota 2) New Hampshire 3) Florida 4) Idaho 5) Utah South Dakota is most famously known as the state that has Mount Rushmore. It is also highly affordable with no state income tax, and very low cost of living, and low health care costs. There is zero taxes on retiree income, and there is no inheritance tax. There are plenty of outdoor activity options like

Quantum Creation – what came before the big bang - the mechanism of a universe out of NO-thing - no matter, no space, and no time. Ancient Greek cosmologist Parmenides said “Nothing comes from nothing.” He was likely referring to the law of conservation of energy, that no new energy can be created. This is true and is a scientific fact even today. So how could the Universe come from nothing? Since the discovery of quantum physics and relativity, we have discovered a flaw in this argument that allows the creation of something from truly nothing. The Universe indeed had a beginning about 13.8 billion years ago, with the Big Bang. But what was there before the Big Bang? How did the universe come about from nothing. The flaw that we have uncovered in Parmenides original argument of “nothing comes from nothing” is that gravity has negative energy. And matter has positive energy. In a closed universe, a spontaneous splitting of 0 energy into an equal amount of positive energy and negative energy would not violate any conservation laws, because no new energy would have been created. And in quantum mechanics, anything that is not forbidden by conservation laws has a non-zero probability of occurring. But then we did not start with nothing. We started with the vacuum of physics, which has virtual particles that come in and out of existence, over very short periods of time. it has a weight and can be scientifically measured. So this is not nothing. So a more fundamental question is can a universe really be created with truly nothing – that means no-thing – no space, no matter, no time, no nothing? To answer this question, let’s work our way back from where we are now. If you solve Einstein’s equations for a universe like ours, you discover that it describes a universe that is either contracting or expanding. At the beginning of the big bang, it has a finite size, below which you cannot go any smaller. How does an explosion like the big bang o

What happens to your atoms when you die? About 100 billion people have died since the dawn of humanity. Since the law of conservation of matter says that matter cannot be created or destroyed, all their atoms have to be still be around. The two most common human practices for disposing of dead bodies is burial underground and cremation. The majority of the molecules in your body are in the form of H2O or water. This will either evaporate out of the body and into the atmosphere, or be leached out into the ground. The rate of this leaching depends on the temperature and condition of the soil and the atmosphere to which the body is exposed. The vast majority of water even if it is in liquid form will enter earths water cycle where it will be eventually heated into steam, go up into the clouds, and come down as rain water. Much of this will eventually end up in rivers and lakes, and subsequently in your drinking water. Some of the rain water will be absorbed by plants. That water will be used in the process of photosynthesis, where the water and carbon dioxide, along with sunlight are involved in a chemical reaction that produces carbohydrates and oxygen. You and other fellow human beings will breathe this oxygen produced by plants to sustain your lives. And what about the carbohydrates produced from the water in photosynthesis? You and your fellow animals will eat it in the form of fruits and vegetables. And guess what, in the process of metabolizing all the carbohydrate food from plants, you will produce the food for plants – carbon dioxide and water. And the cycle repeats itself. What happens to all your soft tissues? Your soft tissues are composed of carbohydrates, fats and proteins that get metabolized with the help of about 100 trillion bacteria that live in your body. But wait, where did all these bacteria come from? And why aren’t they eating your right now? They have been living in your body all along – mostly in your gut – your small

The 9 companies that will dominate AI. Artificial Intelligence or AI, it is said by many, will be man’s last invention. Why? Because AI is more than just hardware and software, AI will allow machines to learn. This machine learning will allow programs to make decisions and to think on their own. They will be able to iterate themselves, through trial and error, to perfection. But there are only 9 companies that will dominate this potentially huge industry. These are the companies you should either try to work for, associate yourself with, or invest in. Alibaba are the third largest ecommerce company in the world. They are investing $15B in global research labs in multiple countries dedicated to AI innovations. Their newest chatbot can understand human emotions, and respond accordingly, including alerting service reps to intervene. They have 200 AI powered robots in automated warehouses that process one million shipments per day. And they are creating AI robots in the hospitality sector that can deliver meals and laundry to guests. Amazon is the largest ecommerce company in the world. Amazon has expanded Alexa to Amazon Lex. Amazon Polly, and Amazon Rekognition. These technologies are involved in text to speech conversion, and face recognition using artificial intelligence. Amazon is creating AI powered self-guided drones that can deliver products weighing as much as an unbelievable - one ton. They use ai to determine product search rankings, recommendations, and ad placement. Apple - has Siri ai voice assistant. They have invested in a range of AI startups, including Emotient, which produces facial recognition technology, Vocal IQ, which provides a platform for voice interfaces, and Silk Labs, which makes AI software for consumer devices. Apple CEO, Tim Cook announced that they will be investing $10 Billion building data centers just in the U.S. Chinese tech company Baidu is the largest provider of Chinese language internet search. The

Recession 2019 - could it happen? How to prepare for a recession? Will we have a recession in 2019? Yes, it’s very possible. The economy seems strong right now. But the U.S. has seen a quarterly economic expansion since 2009, 10 years. This is 4 years longer than the average expansion. This kind of growth can lead to inflation, and rising interest rates. And these are the biggest causes of a recession. So sometimes the law of averages can punch you in the face. A recession is a downturn in the economy that officially it occurs when the GDP or gross domestic product of a country is negative for 2 successive quarters, or 6 months. These recessions are inevitable. But they tend to sneak up on people because the statistics are not available until well after the 2nd negative quarter is over. So you don’t really know when you’re in a recession until it’s behind you. So it’s best to prepare for a downturn when things are good, like right now. It’s likely to come from self-inflicted wounds. Things like an escalating trade war with China. A hard Brexit for the U.K. Downturn in consumer and business sentiment, and political change in the U.K. or U.S. - these are all likely possibilities right now. Here are 6 small tips that can help you be prepared for this inevitability. And if the downturn doesn’t come, you will just be better prepared for the time when it does. 1) Pay off debt. There is nothing like being free of debt in order to increase your cash flow. Credit card debt should be first on your list, since it is the most costly at over 17% average interest per year. Mortgage debt is the least costly, and there are tax benefits, so it is not usually advisable to pay off this debt. But if you have automobile debt, personal debt, or other types of debt of over 7% APR after tax, then it is usually advisable to pay it off. 2) Reduce spending. A penny saved is a penny earned as Benjamin Franklin said over 200 years ago. Skip a vacation and

How Does our Olfactory system work? How do we Smell? It turns out that quantum mechanics plays a big role. What you may not realize is that inside your nose rests a very sensitive quantum device that uses complex physics to give you the ability to distinguish, according to the latest estimates, 1 trillion different smells. In order for you to smell anything, molecules from that thing have to make it to your nose. Everything you smell is volatile is some way, meaning it is giving off molecules that float into the air and land inside your nose. But how do these molecules trigger the sense of smell? At the top of your nasal passages behind your nose, there is a patch of special neurons about the size of a postage stamp called the olfactory epithelium. They have hair-like projections called cilia that increase their surface area. Any molecule from anything with a smell binds to special smell receptors on these cilia and triggers the neuron causing a signal to your brain. This signal ends up in a primitive part of the brain called the limbic system which is associated with emotions and memory – so that is why smells can trigger strong memories and emotional reactions. These neurons are unique they come directly from your brain, and are out in the open where they can come into contact with the air. So this is the only place on your body where your central nervous system is directly exposed to the environment. Now the questions is how do the neurons get triggered? The standard explanation going back to the 1950’s had been that the receptors at the ends of these olfactory neurons can only accept particular shapes of molecules. There are 400 such smell receptors. And the exact type of smell is determined by how the molecules from the smelly compounds fit in the set of receptors of the receiving olfactory neurons. By triggering a particular combination of the 400 smell receptors, the brain interprets a particular kind of smell. It’s like a lock and key

Do Aliens exist? Are we alone in the universe? Where is everyone? Fermi Paradox and Drake Equation: Where is everyone? You probably already know that there are more stars in the universe than all the sands on all the beaches of earth. In fact, Keppler data shows that just within our own Milky Way galaxy, there may be 10 billion earth-size planets orbiting sun-like stars in the habitable zone of its solar system. Physicist Enrico Fermi, in the 1950’s, asked why, given the vast number of potential planets with life, haven’t we been contacted by aliens yet? Fermi reasoned that any civilization could colonize the galaxy by building AI robot probes that could self-replicate as they journeyed beyond their home planet. Even though the distances between habitable planets are much too vast to be traversed in a human lifetime, the theoretical robots would have had millions or even billions of years to make the journey. This seems to be a reasonable assessment because when our instruments look out into the universe, we can see that the materials and conditions for life that are present here on earth, But the fact is that our instruments can see no evidence from all our observations of any tell-tale signs of intelligent life anywhere in our solar system, our galaxy or the rest of the observable universe. In order to detect the kind of signal that Fermi was talking about, that life also has to be super intelligent…One that sends out electromagnetic signals. And in order for us to detect intelligent life on other galaxies, that species would have to be a space colonizing species. Such a galaxy should light up unnaturally. So even having intelligent beings on a planet is not enough, because many intelligent beings have evolved on earth, but super intelligence – space-faring species, like us humans, only evolved only once over 4 billion year on earth. The Observation selection effect creates a bias in our thinking because no matter how unlikely super intelligence

The simulation argument. Is the matrix real? Could your reality including everything you’ve ever known, be nothing more than pixels on a super advanced computer simulation? The argument that we may be living in a simulation is that a sufficiently advanced intelligent civilization could easily create ancestor simulations, because they would have the computing power to do so. The amount of computing power needed to simulate a human mind can be roughly estimated. Hans Morovec, an expert in robotics at Carnegie Mellon university estimated this to be about ~10^14 operations per second, based on actual computer modeling of individual nervous tissues. Another estimate by Nick Bostrom of Oxford University have shown this to be up to 10^17 operations per second based on simulating the interconnection of synapses in the brain. And this kind of simulation would make the simulated beings conscious because they would essentially have exactly the same brain capability of any real humans. K. Eric Drexler, a PhD engineer from MIT outlined a design for a system the size of a sugar cube that could perform 10^21 operations per second. And Robert Bradbury, has conceptualized a hypothetical computing megastructure, called a Matryoshka brain, based on a planet sized Dyson sphere that would have computing power on the order of 10^42 operations per second. A total computing power of 10^27 would be all that is required to simulate the brains of every single person on earth. And a Matryoshka brain could simulate Trillions and trillions of earths. In fact, based on these computational densities, even a much smaller computer structure the size of the Empire State building could easily simulate a trillions of humans. To make a simulation, not only would the brain need to be simulated, but also our environment and the passing of time. But if all we are trying to do is create a realistic simulation for humans, we don’t need that level of granularity. When people look up

What are Cheapest places and best places to live in the world on $1000 per month? I looked at 32 cheapest countries that are on multiple lists of best countries to retire, and after examining all the costs, health care, safety, entertainment, and ease of getting a visa. I have come up with a list of the 5 best countries that you should consider moving to if you want to live well on $1000 per month or less. #arvinash #moneymondays Going abroad can be scary, because of the many unknowns and questions that come to mind, such as 1) Will I have to learn another language 2) Will it be safe 3) What are the visa requirement for 4) Which city should I live in 5) What will I need to budget. Here are the 5 best, safest, and cheapest countries in alphabetical order: Bolivia is probably the cheapest place to live in South America. Bolivia has the largest Native American population in South America. Farming is the main occupation of Bolivians. Cochabamba is a popular choice among expats who want a slow lifestyle and access to some of the comforts of home. Not only is the food affordable, but also healthcare and the real estate. You can live in a detached house for $500 a month in rent. The main drawback to Bolivia is that you will need to learn Spanish to get around, as English is not widely spoken. To retire here, you’ll need to apply for something called a "specific purpose visa." at a cost of $160. They also require a letter stating your intentions, proof of your financial situation, and a police record check. You can usually renew the visa every two or five-years depending on type. Cambodia will allow you to upgrade your lifestyle to luxurious on a modest budget. There are lots of Western influences for foods to restaurants to movies. You can have a house cleaner that costs $40 per month. The city Siem Reap in northwestern Cambodia would be a good choice. It is easy to get around here, especially on a motorbike, and most places have reliable Wi-Fi. Another bi

Parallel universes are not a theory, but deductions from the "Many Worlds" interpretation of quantum mechanics. And there is at least on other theory that predicts not alternate universes but parallel universes where the universes are just like ours, only slightly different, where different versions of us could exist. One is the idea of Infinite universes. The reason space appears to be only 13.7 billion light years in radius is because That limit is set by the distance that light has had the ability to travel since the instant of the Big Bang. The universe is likely larger, and perhaps infinitely larger. If space is infinite, then it must start repeating at some point, because there are a finite number of ways that any set of particles can be arranged. Physicist Brian Greene calculated this number to be 10^10^122 --- this is a very very large number, but it is minuscule compared to infinity. So if you travel far enough in space, you should see another version of you living in completely different circumstances, perhaps as president of the United States, or as rich as Bill Gates. But the most intriguing theory that leads to parallel universes comes from the many worlds interpretation was proposed by Hugh Everett for his phD thesis in 1957 at Princeton University. This theory says that the wave never collapses, that every time a wave seemingly collapses in our universe, there is a parallel universe where no such collapse happens. This interpretations implies that reality splits like a fork in the road whenever a wave collapse occurs. In effect, the entire universe is one gigantic wave function that contains all possible realities. Everett called it the “universal wave function,” in his thesis. So the universe is also in superposition of all possible states of its constituent particles. As it evolves, some of these superpositions break down, making certain realities or worlds distinct and isolated from each other. The many worlds interpretation avoids

Water on earth is found in all three forms. But how did water get on earth? Where did the water on earth come from? The earth has an estimated 325 million trillion gallons of it. But earth began as a barren, lifeless, waterless ball of fire in its early history. There could not have been much water at the start. So what was the source of water? A single molecule of water is made up of 3 atoms, 2 atoms of hydrogen, and one atom of Oxygen, much rarer than hydrogen but still abundant. The journey of the first molecule of water starts almost 13.8 billion years ago, at the time of the big bang. There were no atoms formed yet, only protons and neutrons. It took about 400,000 years for the universe to cool down enough for electrons to be captured in orbits around protons. And this is what formed the first atom, simply one electron one proton. This was hydrogen. Oxygen is a much heavier and more complicated atom than hydrogen. It has 8 electrons orbiting a nucleus consisting of 8 protons and 8 neutrons. It took about another billion years or so before the first oxygen atoms were formed because it required nuclear fusion. This can only occur in nature, in the heart or center of stars. The earliest stars were massive. But this also made them short lived. And about 600 million years after the big bang is when some of the first stars began to go supernova, but just before these massive supernova explosions, in their core, lighter atoms fused to form heavier atoms like oxygen, carbon, and others. When these stars blew up in huge supernova explosions, the oxygen and other heavier elements began to disperse into space and spread out. Hydrogen and Oxygen with the help of some energy, fused together to form Water. After formation of this water, it turned to ice in the coldness of space and mixed with other dust particles that were simply floating in space for eons of time. And when enough dust from multiple supernova explosions collected over time in

Quantum Immortality - is it real? Quantum mechanics shows that all particles are not particles at all but really waves of probabilities. There are two common interpretations of how these waves become distinct- one is the "many worlds theory." The most conventional interpretation is called the Copenhagen interpretation, and it says that the probability wave collapses, and the particles become distinct at the moment they are observed. It should be noted that these observations are measurements and do not necessarily require a conscious observer. A competing interpretation to this is called the many worlds interpretation. It postulates that no collapse actually occurs…That everything in the entire universe is wave function and remains a wave function. This interpretation rejects the idea wave function "collapse" altogether. According to this, probability waves never collapse but what we observe as a distinct reality only occurs for us in this reality, but does not collapse in another reality. So reality in continually branching off into parallel worlds whenever a measurement or observation occurs. This is why it is called the many worlds interpretation because as wave collapse occurs due to observations, a parallel universe is created where wave collapse does not occur. This theory introduces the seemingly absurd complication of creating a near infinite number of parallel worlds, so why is it so widely embraced by physicists? Proponents argue that this interpretation actually simplifies and explains the seeming randomness of quantum physics. Since all possibilities are potentially real in various branches of parallel universes, there is no randomness. There is no chance. All possibilities occur in numerous parallel realities. It only seems random to us because we experience reality in only one of the branches. All possible alternate histories and futures are equally real and can exist in parallel. So every time you had a brush with death, you di

Hydrogen bomb how does it work? The bomb on Hiroshima released the energy equivalent of 15,000 tons of TNT. The first hydrogen bomb released the energy equivalent of 10,000,000 tons of TNT. While the atomic bomb like the one that was dropped on Hiroshima worked on the principle of releasing energy through the splitting of atoms – also called fission, a hydrogen bomb does something that releases even more energy, and that is it fuses atoms together. Fusion is even more powerful than fission. It is the same process that powers our sun. How does fusion work? The fusion bomb creates energy by combining two isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium and Tritium to create helium. A large amount of energy is released when these two isotopes fuse together to form helium because a helium atom has much less energy than these two isotopes combined. This excess energy is released in the explosion. Lithium-deuteride is what most hydrogen bombs today use as their fuel. But how does the process of fusion actually occur? Ordinarily the nuclei of two atoms cannot be combined because these nuclei have strong positive electrical charges and repel each other. It turns out that if you increase the temperature by millions of degrees, it is possible to combine nuclei together. The temperatures needed are astronomical - higher than even that at the center of the sun – 100 million degrees Celsius. This is when the electrons orbiting the nuclei is stripped away from the nucleus and the nuclei and electrons are floating around freely in a kind of high temperature soup. At this temperature, the nuclei can get very close to each other and the strong nuclear strong force binds the protons and neutrons together to form a helium nucleus and a free neutron. So how is a temperature of 100 million degrees achieved? This is where the fission or atomic bomb inside the hydrogen bomb enclosure comes in. The purpose of the fission bomb is to to heat up the fusion reaction to

Bob Lazar and area 51. Element 115. Could the fluxliner or alien gravity propulsion system work? In a 2018 Netflix documentary, Bob Lazar claims to be a physicist who worked for a very secret site called S-4, near Area 51. His job was to reverse-engineer alien UFO propulsion technology. He claims that not only are there an alien space craft there, but that these crafts are from the Zeta Reticuli star system, and can bend and fold space time in order to propel themselves to anywhere in the universe without the need to travel near the speed of light. In this video I examine if he is orchestrating an elaborate hoax, or whether the alien technology is scientifically plausible. A lot of people don’t know that Area 51 was not that well known until Bob Lazar made some bold claims about aliens and alien crafts being stored there back 30 years ago in 1989. In the Netflix documentary, Mr. Lazar outlines how the space folding engines on these space crafts are set up. Incredible claims like folding space require incredible evidence. There’s no physical evidence to speak of, but there is his eye witness report. In the documentary, he describes the physical set up of the engines, but what the documentary did not show is his description of how the alien engines works. Here is how Mr. Lazar described the alien propulsion system: “ (it generates)…an intense gravitational field and using that field to distort space/time, bringing the destination to the source, and allowing you to cross many light years of space in little time and without traveling in a linear mode near the speed of light.” Distorting space/time is not a big deal. All matter distorts space and time. That’s what gravity is. What Mr. Lazar I think is alluding to is the idea of creating a wormhole in space to go instantly from one location to another. The problem is that in order to create a wormhole this size, according to everything we know requires an enormous amount of energy. I mean the energy c

Moon Landing that almost never happened. In 1969 Apollo 11 had a disaster no one knows about A thousand years from now, when historians look back on the history of mankind, Neil Armstrong’s name will likely still be remembered. The moon landing is perhaps man’s greatest technological accomplishment ever in the history of human civilization. The 50 year anniversary of this event is in 2019. The odds for success were very low. Even Neil Armstrong only gave it a 50% chance. Computer technology was measured in Kilobytes and megahertz at the time, not terabytes and gigahertz of today – a million times less powerful. The astronauts had to be shielded from deadly cosmic rays. The number of stages involved in rocket launch to earth orbit, to lunar orbit, to descent on the moon, to ascent, to landing back on earth all had to happen with no room for error. Is it any wonder that millions of people believe that we never landed there? Yet, it happened – not just once, but six times over 3 and ½ years between 1969 and 1972. But the very first mission had two life threatening events that could have easily ended in disaster. The incredible moon landing and take-off disasters averted by Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong is shown here. They were in the Eagle lunar module on their final descent. They were falling rapidly towards the surface of the moon at 20 feet per second. But when they looked out the window, they did not recognize anything they saw. They had not seen this terrain in any of their Apollo simulations. A navigational error and faster than anticipated speed caused them to overshoot the planned landing zone by four miles. So now the terrain was not smooth. Instead, there was a huge crater field, and car sized boulders – dangerous areas to land. But they had to land, and land soon, because they were running low on fuel. Armstrong decided to level the craft and cruise horizontally until he could find a smoother surface to land on. If they did not land

Holographic Universe? Are we living on a hologram? Or inside a black hole? Our perception is that we live in a three dimensional world. What if our three dimensions, can be equally represented on a two dimensional surface? Does this mean we live in a hologram? Or could we be inside a black hole? To understand the idea of the holographic universe, we have to start with two things, a black hole, and Stephen Hawking. A black hole is an object with so much gravity that even light cannot escape it. Near a black hole, there is something called the event horizon, that is the point beyond which light is stuck, it cannot escape the gravity. Space itself is falling inside the blackhole at the speed of light. The event horizon of a black hole forms a sphere around the black hole. We don’t really know much what happens inside the black hole. Things falling in seen to leave our universe and end up elsewhere. Stephen Hawking, in 1981, proposed that this event horizon may be breaking one of the fundamental rules of physics - conservation of information. He showed that things that fall into the black hole seemingly disappear from this universe forever, that information is destroyed. This is the information paradox. How is information destroyed? You can burn a book. Doesn’t that destroy information? Not exactly, the information is still available in the universe. If we had the right quantum tools to recapture all the energy and matter from the burning process, we could theoretically put all the information back together again. Nothing is lost in terms of quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking was saying something different. This was so earth shattering to quantum physicists. Two physicists that were shocked by Hawkings paper were Gerard t’ Hooft and Leonard Suskind. They proposed a solution to the information paradox, and in 1997, Argentinian physicist Juan Maldecena, put it in very precise mathematical terms. What they showed is that even though infor

Alcubierre warp drive - faster than light travel? Is Warp speed possible? Enterprise from Star Trek can go 9000 times the speed of light. By comparison, the fastest manmade object, the Juno probe goes 0.0002 times the speed of light. At this rate, it would take 20,000 years to reach the nearest alien planet, which with the Enterprise, would take only 4.5 hours. But isn’t faster than light travel forbidden by Einstein’s special theory of relativity? There is a loophole. Mexican physicist, and Star Trek fan, Miguel Alcubierre published a paper on “The warp drive”. He manipulated Einstein’s equations of general relativity to make a warp field emerge - regardless of whether other laws of physics would allow it. But his equations are mathematically consistent solutions to Einstein’s equations. And this is how Alcubierre’s warp drive would work: Take a space ship and put a bubble of space around it. If you can compress space in front of the bubble, and expand space behind the bubble, then you can make the bubble of space along with the space ship, move. This would be like riding a wave on a surfboard. This is where the loophole is in Einstein’s speed limit, that nothing can move faster than the speed of light. This speed limit only applies to objects traveling within space, not the movement of space itself. Space can move at any speed. So that bubble of space in Alcubierre’s geometric solution can move at any arbitrary speed, theoretically, even 9000 times the speed of light. But Can space really move at faster than light speed? Yes. Space is being expanded in the back of our spaceship, and being contracted in front of it. Can space expand and contract like this? Yes, Space is allowed to do both. Space is contracting around you and earth right now. That’s what gravity is. Similarly, Space can expand too. It is expanding right now on a cosmological scale. Alcubeirre’s warp drive, creates a bubble around the ship, which is like the surfboard.

What is inside a Black Hole? A black hole is really not a celestial body like a planet or a star. There is really no substance there other than a severely curved space-time. It’a a region in space where matter is condensed to a theoretical infinitely small point – so small in fact that this point effectively disappears from our universe. This is called the gravitational singularity. So if there is nothing there, what does it mean when we talk about different size black holes? When we talk about the size of a black hole, we are really talking about the size of its event horizon. The radius of this event horizon is called the Schwarzschild radius. What happens beyond the event horizon can be ascertained by general relativity, but what happens at the singularity is anyone’s guess. The more massive a black hole is, the less its “density” and the less dangerous it is. Very large black holes like the one at the center of the milky way called Sagittarius A* has about the same density as that of water. You could likely go deep inside Sagittarius A*’s event horizon before tidal forces eventually tore you apart near the singularity. As Adam gets closer to the event horizon, we notice that he speeds up, then he slows down and his space suit appears to get redder and fainter until he disappears from our view. He is still there, but the light reflecting off of him is so red shifted that it is invisible even to our infrared cameras. He would appear to be completely stationary. This is because at the event horizon, from the perspective of the ship, time stops completely. From Adam’s perspective his time is running just fine. Spacetime curves more and more severely as he gets close to the black hole. Looking back, all the light reaching him is being blue shifted. Light that was infra red, not visible to him before, is now in the visible spectrum. And light that was visible before has blue shifted to x-rays, and even gamma rays. Would he be able to se

Einstein's Special Relativity Explained Simply - no math This entire revolution in physics started with a simple thought experiments, in the prolific imagination before Einstein even graduated from high school. Einstein’s theory of special relativity is convention today. But to understand how revolutionary it was for its time, it is helpful to look at what the conventional understanding of physics was during the time of Einstein’s teenage years. In 1801, Thomas Young had conducted a simple double slit experiment that showed that light behaved like a wave. So the theory about light at the time was that it was a wave. The problem is that a wave, it was thought, had to move through some sort of medium. They called this substance the luminiferous aether. But in 1887, two scientists by the name of Albert Michelson and Edward Morely came up with an idea to test the existence of the aether. The background ether was believed to be unmoving and static, so if the wave was traveling in the same direction as the earth, the speed of the wave should be higher in the direction of the speed of the earth. Michelson and Morley showed that there was no difference in the speed of light of the two measurements. This seriously jeopardized the aether theory. Einstein knew this, so he came up with a thought experiment as a 16 year old. His thought was to imagine that he was chasing a beam of light while traveling at the speed of light himself. What would he see? If young Albert could catch up to the beam, he should see a stationary wave. Yet that was impossible. Einstein knew such stationary fields would violate the equations of electromagnetism developed by James Clerk Maxwell 20 years earlier. So he came up with two postulates, and tried to figure out what the physics would be if the two postulates were true. Postulate 1 was that the laws of physics are the same for all inertial reference frames. Postulate 2 was that the speed of light in a vacuum is consta

Sponsored by Kishore Tipirneni's new book "A New Eden" available here: https://getbook.at/NewEden | Abiogenesis – origin of life. Living matter from non-living matter. The origin of living organisms from inorganic or non-living material is called abiogenesis. But abiogenesis is not evolution. Despite the incredible variations of life we see today, at the fundamental level, all living things contain three elements: Nucleic acids, Proteins, and lipids. These three things had to have been present in order for life to start. The most important component may have been lipids which make up the cell walls because without a way to encapsulate certain elements, they various chemicals could not come together to potentially interact. Lipids molecules have a unique structure. The round part loves water. The tail part hates water. So it has a tendency to self-assemble into natural spheres. However, when there are certain salt ions present, it destroys the lipid spheres. But RNA and other functions of a cell require salts and other ions. However, researchers at the University of Washington showed that lipid spheres do not disassemble if they are in the presence of amino acids, precursor to protein molecules. So it turns out that lipid cell walls and proteins need each other to exist, in salty water. Today, genetic information is stored in DNA. RNA is created from DNA. The simplicity of RNA compared to its cousin DNA, is the reason that most scientists think DNA came from RNA. This is part of the “RNA world" HYPOTHESIS, which theorizes that RNA was the essential precursor which led to the first living matter. But how did the first RNA molecule form from non-living chemicals? This is not clear cut, so here are some theories. RNA is made of three chemical components: the sugar ribose, the bases and phosphate. Figuring out how the bond between the bases and ribose first formed has been a difficult to replicate in the lab because cells in our body require complex

Is teleportation possible? In the Star Trek transporter, the atoms in your body get converted to their subatomic particles – protons, neutrons, and electrons, and are transmitted as a stream of particles to the surface of a planet or wherever the transporter sends it, and are somehow reconstituted. To get the subatomic particles into a matter stream, first we have to take molecules apart into atoms. Then we have to take the atoms apart into their constituent neutrons, protons and electrons. Taking molecules apart requires a lot less energy than taking the nuclei of atoms apart. Molecules can come together and apart in normal chemical reactions, for example when you mix baking soda and vinegar, you are taking apart atoms from molecules and putting them together to make new molecules. But taking nuclei apart is whole other ball game. The forces holding neutrons and protons together in the nucleus, called the strong nuclear force, is millions of times more powerful than the electrical forces holding atoms together in a molecule. The body consists of about 1x10^28 atoms. If you want to turn all these atoms into neutrons and protons, all the nuclear binding energy of the strong nuclear force will need to be overcome. This turns out to be the energy equivalent of about a 20 megatons of TNT, or a very large hydrogen bomb Why not just take the atoms of the body and beam them? This would take a lot less energy, and would be less complicated to reconstitute back into a human. So this would probably be a better way to go. But we are going strictly by the Star Trek technical manual. But debonding would not be the end of the story because now that you have all these subatomic particles, you have to transport them at very high speed to the surface of a planet. the energy required to move these subatomic particles is about equivalent to about their rest mass, or about 100kg. This is a lot of energy, equal to about 2000 megatons of tnt. But if you just

Why do we dream? What do dreams mean? What are dreams? We know that we dream while we are asleep. Sleep can be divided into two categories rapid eye movement or REM sleep, and non-REM sleep. When you fall asleep, non-REM occurs first, then you fall into an REM sleep. Deep sleep actually occurs in non-REM sleep. During this time, you body temperature and heart rate fall, and the brain uses less energy. About 90 minutes later, however, we go into REM sleep where our brain activity picks up again, and is very similar to when we are awake. Although this is a smaller portion of total sleep, only about 20-25%, this is when dreams happen. During REM sleep, the brain is telling the body to move, just as if you were awake, but a tiny area of the brain called the pons, causes the body to be paralyzed. The only thing that is not paralyzed is your eyes. That’s why you have rapid eye movement during this period. But what is the purpose of sleeping? One purpose appears to be to restore the brain’s energy. But what is the meaning of dreams? Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, explained dreams as manifestations of a person’s innermost desires. He believed that almost all dreams held some kind of sexual meaning. But the theory that symbols in dreams have meaning is rejected by most scientists today, and much of Freud’s theory has been discredited. So if Freud was wrong, then what do dreams mean? There are a few characteristics that all dreams seem to have in common. 1) We usually cannot remember them 2) When we do remember them, they do not seem to make sense 3) They seem to trigger some of our deepest emotions 4) They seem profound Can these characteristics of dreams be explained by science? Yes. During REM sleep, the part of brain involved in logic and reason, called the prefrontal cortex is turned off, but the emotional part of the brain, located in the hippocampus and amygdala are very active. Since our reasoning ability is not really working,

Visualizing the smallest size in the universe – Planck Length & why you can’t go smaller Visualizing Planck length – why is it the smallest in the universe? Graphics courtesy of Michael and Cary Huang: http://www.htwins.net/ The scale of the universe is bigger than you can imagine. It is also smaller than you can imagine. The smallest lenth theorized to be possible, the Planck length is about 4 X 10^-35 meters. Just imagine things that are about the size of your body. Things like the giant earthworm that lives along streams in Australia. Or a big beachball, which can be found near oceans and beaches all across America. Now, lets go smaller by one order of magnitude, so now we are looking at things that are on the scale of about 10 centimeters. These are things like the shrew, or a chicken egg. Now let’s go a thousand times smaller than the scale of a human being, on the order of 1 millimeter or one thousand of a meter. Here, you’ll find things like a grain of sand or dust mites. Let’s go 1000 times smaller than this scale. Now we are going a hundred times smaller than the width of a human hair. And ten times smaller than even bacteria. Here, we are going to find things like large viruses. Let’s keep going to 1000 times smaller this. This is nanometers, or one billionth of a meter. Now we are exploring a universe that we can’t see with optical telescopes. This is on the scale of the size of molecules like DNA and the glucose molecule, that your body uses as its source of energy. And the scale of the biggest atom – cesium. Let’s go 1000 times smaller than this. This is one trillionth of a meter. This is on the order of the wavelength of gamma rays. This is the highest energy electromagnetic radiation, consisting of the most energetic photons. Let’s go 1000 times smaller than this. This is 1X 10^-15 or one quadrillionth of a meter. This is the size of particles that make up the nucleus of all atoms, protons and neutrons. The size of a typ

Get Surfshark VPN at https://surfshark.deals/ArvinAsh - Enter promo code "ArvinAsh" for 83% off and 3 extra month free! How does evolution occur? How does natural selection work? Evolution explained. Common misconceptions. Evolution is one of the most tested, well-established theories backed by solid evidence in all of science. Yet, it remains one of the most misunderstood. Some common things you hear are: - Evolution makes organisms change to better suit their environment - Evolution occurs by random chance and mutations - Humans are the most evolved species - Evolution is just a theory so it’s speculation - If humans came from monkeys, there wouldn’t be any more monkeys - Thermodynamics disproves evolution Evolution is inherited change in a population of organisms over time resulting in appearance of new forms, under the influence of pressure from the environment. Note changes are in populations not individual organisms. Another point is that this change does not occur by random chance. Natural selection is the opposite of random chance. It is driven by a survival and reproductive advantage. Mutations are random but they are driven by a non-random process called natural selection. But the vast majority of these genetic mistakes are either neutral or harmful. Only about 0.01% are beneficial, meaning 99.99% of all mutations are neutral or harmful. Any variation that makes an organism more “fit” for survival is more likely to spread in the gene pool through through this process. A better fit organism does not mean that bigger, faster, or stronger individuals are favored. Only individuals that have a better chance for survival and reproduction are favored. Ultimately, evolution is not goal oriented or a linear process towards some kind of “progress.” It is simply about fitting best in one’s environment, and having the opportunity to reproduce. Some organisms may not change over long periods of time. Take the example of the American Alligat

Are you the only conscious mind? Are you the one? Does the universe revolve around you? Solipsism philosophy is scary. The science of Solipsism is presented here. From your point of view, the only sentience you have is your own. You can’t know or perceive whether anyone else is really conscious. What if they aren’t? What if you’re the only one? Everyone could be a philosophical zombie. This is the essence of Solipsism. What do you really see when you look in the mirror. A scientist might say that when you look through your eyes, packets of electromagnetic radiation, called photons enter the pupil of your eye, get focused by a lens, hit your retina and trigger electrical signals in your optic nerve, that travels to the LGN, then to visual cortex in the back of your brain, where it gets interpreted and is made available to your consciousness which may be located according to recent studies in a tiny area of the brainstem called pontine tegmentum and 2 small areas of the cerebral cortex connected to it. A philosopher might say that the you are the consciousness behind your eyes. The you is your awareness of yourself, and your yourself in you surroundings, and your place in the universe. A Solipsist believes that she is the consciousness behind her eyes, but the difference is she believes she is the ONLY consciousness. She believes that only her consciousness is fundamental in the universe in which she resides. Is there any irrefutable proof of anything other than the existence of yourself? If that is the case then is it rational to assume that anything else actually exists? According to information theory, a closed system cannot generate something more complex than itself. But the universe is more complicated than you. How would you explain the fact that other people, whom you don’t think exist came up with the laws that explain your world? But maybe this complexity is part of the illusion too. Science doesn't claim to know the ultimate reality