Voices of the Past

Here we have the first full description of the island east of China - what would become Japan. Straight from the 3rd century History of the Kingdom of Wei, these words give us our first insight into life on that remote island and their mysterious female rulers. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Trans. by Tsunoda and Goodrich: Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories. Thanks to: I, Taejo [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)] Fumihiko Ueno [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] Xuan Che そらみみ [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

A thousand years before the Mongols, China had to build the world's longest wall to defend against incursions from a truly ancient enemy: The Xiongnu. Here we have an extract from the Book Of Han that describes their customs and origins - a people amongst whom "the strong and robust were held in esteem, while the old and feeble were treated with contempt." https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hantxt1.html#beginning If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Thomas Lessman Philg88 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27876174 https://worldhistorypics.weebly.com/about.html JesseW900 Khiruge [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]

Here we have Julius Caesar's views on the peoples he crushed in his campaigns to the west through which he made his name - the Gauls. Foreign and backwards to Caesar, modern archaeological evidence has shown that they were actually a city building culture far more advanced than he gave them credit for. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html William R. Shepherd; William Shepherd By User:Feitscherg - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42753 Siren-Com [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Alyssa Bivins [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Caesar_campaigns_gaul-fr.svg: historicair 14:51, 8 July 2007 (UTC) derivative work: Sémhur (talk)

Between 1200 and 1150 BC there was a total collapse of many of the world's most powerful empires. Many causes have been theorised for The Late Bronze Age Collapse - a major one being the appearance of a mysterious peoples from the blue, a terror from the seas that wiped out civilization after civilization. Ancient Egypt was one of the few kingdoms able to hold off this mystery alliance, and here we have the Pharaoh Rameses III describing his struggle against the impending doom and fire of those legendary "Sea Peoples". Translation by James Henry Breasted. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: SFEC-L-ABYDOS09.JPG: Steve F-E-Cameronderivative work: A. Parrot [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Moyen_Orient_Amarna_1.svg: *Middle_East_topographic_map-blank.svg: Sémhur (talk)derivative work: Zunkir (talk)derivative work: Zunkir [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Ethan Doyle White [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Olaf Tausch [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Greenbelt, MD, USA [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)]

Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/PRXj30qdmY9 ------------------ A land containing not only powerful imperial dynasties and massive historical armies, but also tribes of dog-headed men, hungry cannibals and looming giants... Here we have Pliny The Elder's description of the lands south of Egypt - as far south into Ancient Africa as Rome had ventured at the time. Whether searching for the source of the Nile, or in attempts to conquer the ancient Kingdom of Kush, Rome's knowledge of the region was surprisingly detailed - and unsurprisingly outlandish. Translated by John Bostock and HT Riley. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Fabrizio Demartis Dbxsoul [CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)] Valerian Guillot Bardo National Museum [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] Sven-Steffen Arndt [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)] Rod Waddington

Discovered in 2013 by Egyptologist Pierre Tallet and his team and called "the greatest discovery in Egypt in the 21st century", "The Diary of Merer" gives us an incredible account of the one of the processes behind the construction of the most incredible building in human history - The Great Pyramid of Khufu. The oldest written papyrus yet discovered, it takes the form of a daily logbook of an 'Inspector Merer' whose job is to transport limestone from the nearby Tura quarry to use as cladding for the pyramids in the construction's final stages. An enormous thankyou to Pierre Tallet for allowing us to use his translation from the hieroglyphs, and to Colin Clement for allowing us to use his translation from French into English. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Djehouty [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] annemarieangelo Keith Schengili-Roberts

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history --------------------- Here we have something special - the Japanese perspective of the first Europeans in Japan. In 1543 two Portuguese traders - men "whose physical features differed" from the locals - arrived on a Chinese junk, with a gift that would change the course of Japanese history. Recorded for posterity by Nanpo Bushi half a century later, this account gives us the view of a people coming into contact with Europe for the first time. Translated by Olof G Lidin in his book "Tanegashima: The Arrival Of Europe In Japan" and published by NIAS press: http://www.niaspress.dk If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Image Credit: NASA Goddard/MODIS Rapid Response Team alisdair [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)] ryochiji [CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)] みっち PHGCOM

This account gives us our first truly foreign perspective of life inside the Middle Kingdom - a place where the dead are fed until the living are bankrupt, and healthcare and education are subsidized by the state. Written in 851 and added to 50 years later by renowned Arab sailor Abu Zayd al-Sirafi. Enormous thanks to translator Tim Mackintosh-Smith and the Library of Arabic Literature for the use of this translation. https://nyupress.org/9781479830596/accounts-of-china-and-india/ If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: SeasonsinthesunScott Semans World Coins (CoinCoin.com) Gary Todd Zhang zhicheng [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Discott [CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)] Dennis Jarvis

For your free 1 month Audible trial head over to: http://www.audible.com/VOTP or send VOTP to 500-500. ----------------- This is an extract from the 1st century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea - a navigation and trade guide for sea merchants, and an invaluable insight into the Roman Empire's knowledge of both Ancient India and Ancient China. Thanks for Raoul McLaughlin for the use of his translation, head over to his YouTube channel for more context on this remarkable document: https://youtu.be/rvYb9d4p2d4 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! http://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Tony Hisgett Roberto Venturini Gary Todd Matthew Jose Fisher PHGCOM for the map NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response. Photo by Magda Ehlers from Pexels

"Many of their customs are so distant, foreign, and far removed from our own that is difficult to believe that one can find such stark contrasts among us and people who are so civilized." In 1543 Portuguese traders and missionaries landed in Japan and started the Nanban Trade Period. For half a century, these missionaries and traders interacted with the Japanese, up until the early sixteenth century and the beginning of the isolationist policies of the Edo period. Here we have missionary Luis Frois describing some of the differences he saw between Europeans and the totally foreign Japanese - on subjects ranging from hairstyles to abortion. Taken from chapters 1, 2, 3 and 14 of the translation 'The First Europeans in Japan, 1585', translated, edited and annotated by Richard K Danford, Robin D Gill and Daniel T Reff and published by Routledge. Available at: https://www.amazon.com/First-European-Description-Japan-1585/dp/041572757X https://www.routledge.com/The-First-European-Description-of-Japan-1585-A-Critical-English-Language/Frois-SJ-Reff-Danford-Gill/p/book/9781315852140 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: gino 張 https://pixabay.com/de/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=2266352 Karen Arnold https://pixabay.com/de/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=316933 Wi

Somewhere in the distant seas past India, these three famous explorers from completely different backgrounds came across a race of men called the Cynocephaly: a remarkable people with the "heads of dogs". Though Sir John Mandeville's account (and very existence) is heavily questioned by historians, quite what brought the otherwise reliable Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta to corroborate the ancient legends of the Dog-Headed Men is less clear... If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Ismoon (talk) 09:02, 3 June 2018 (UTC) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=69668010 Emil Grigoras-Artista Pintor / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Jjw / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Anne-Lise Heinrichs

The journey of Faxian is one of the most incredible in human history. By foot, he traveled from his home in central China to the far away land of India - where he encountered a surprisingly tolerant society, some truly ancient ruins and the first recorded hospital. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Seasonsinthesun Joonas Lyytinen By Designer429 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40360724Vu2sgaAttribution: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com PHGCOMPoemandpainting / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) Prarthana1830590Avantiputra7 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Hintha / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Jean-Pierre Dalbéra, on Flickr [1] / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Hendrick Hamel was shipwrecked in Korea in 1653, becoming the first Westerner to provide a first-hand account of life in the kingdom. He describes a kingdom of contrasts - blatant liars, yet incredibly credulous, very well educated but terribly misogynistic - with a range of advanced ideas, underfloor heating in their houses being one remarkable example. Corea, Without and Within: Chapters on Corean History, Manners and Religion. With Hendrick Hamel ... by William Elliot Griffis, Hendrik Hamel Publication date: 1885  If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! Http://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: European Space Agency Republic of Korea Hanok四葉亭四迷 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)Imagen de YD Choi en Pixabay Adbar Steve46814 by Junho Jung at Flickr from South Korea / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Republic of Korea Seooreung_Royal_Tomb_58 By https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/2d/bc/3e9564baab6ddf6b20006d9ec5cc.jpgGallery: https://wellcomeimage

This is the first 'century' of 16th century seer Nostradamus' prophecies, unedited and without commentary. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Samhanin - Own work, source: MUSÉES DE LA VILLE DE STRASBOURG, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=73906780

Mountains on the sea that signalled the coming apocalypse. This was the news that terrified the Aztecs and most of all their leader Moctezuma II. Here we have their description of first contact with Europe, researched and written down by Bernardino de Sahagún and the Nahuatl people throughout the second half of the 16th century. Broken Spears by Miguel Leon-Portilla Copyright © 1962, 1990 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Expanded and Updated Edition © 1992 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Reprinted with permission from Beacon Press, Boston If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Diego Rivera / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Madman2001 De Ckn8u - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48588870 Hans Hillewaert British Museum Asele S. www.todocolección.net José Luis Pescador - Cortes en Veracruz

Big thanks to Antony Cummins and Yoshie Minami for the use of their fascinating translation, which is available at: https://www.amazon.com/Book-Samurai-One-Fundamental-Teachings/dp/1780288883 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: DryPotTANAKA Juuyoh (田中十洋) Japanese house traditional style interior design / 和室(わしつ) の内装(ないそう) Sanuma Wide Area Park, Shimotsuma-shi(city) Ibaraki-ken(Prefecture), Japan Samuraiantiqueworld

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Here we have Antonio Pigafetta's description of The Philippines, and Ferdinand Magellan's last days. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit.

Cities built by Alexander the Great, carriages of gold, warring states, animals bred to create a special thread...fantasy mixes with truth in this fascinating insight into the West's knowledge of China at the turn of the 7th century. Thanks to Mary and Michael Whitby for the use of their fantastic translation. https://www.amazon.com/History-Theophylact-Simocatta-Translation-Introduction/dp/019822799X Thanks to: By Getoryk - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15572039 Seasonsinthesun Sailko / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) Ovedc / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain ------------------------------------------ From Herodotus to The Beast of Gevaudan a legend that has never gone away... If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Vieussan, Haut-Languedoc SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE website

Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast & get an exclusive offer extended to our viewers: an extra month FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Here we have extracts from the Florentine Codex, a fascinating but controversial text compiled by Bernadino de Sahagun in collaboration with his Nahuatl students. Broken Spears by Miguel Leon-Portilla Copyright © 1962, 1990 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Expanded and Updated Edition © 1992 by Miguel Leon-Portilla Reprinted with permission from Beacon Press, Boston If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: User:Stefan Fadinger Architect of the Capitol. Xuan Che aztec sun stone Anagoria Arian Zwegers Teotihuacan, Citadel, Temple of the Feathered Serpent Francesco Veronesi Resplendent Quetzal male - Cloud Forest in Costa Rica _S4E9570Jami Dwyer / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)

Download World of Tanks for free here: https://tanks.ly/31qiCi9 Use code 'TANKTASTIC' for a T-127 Tank, 500 Gold, and 7-days of Premium Access Thanks to Wargaming for sponsoring this video! ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Here we have the incredible story of the first western samurai, Will Adams, in a letter he wrote in desperation to merchants trading into to the East Indies. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: 百楽兎 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Turk Bitig / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Otto Domes / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)  EDIT 4/22/2013: This grunge flag is now released under a standard Creative Commons License - Attribution 3.0 Unported. It gives you a lot of freedom to use my work commercially as long as you credit and link back to the same free image from my website, www.freestock.ca

Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/DbeR30qCbGq --------------------------‐----- This is the first eyewitness description of India by someone from outside of India. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Text taken from "Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and Arrian: Being a Translation of the Fragments of the Indika of Mecasthenes Collected by Dr. Schwanbeck, and of the First Part of the Indika of Arrian" by JW Crindle. Thanks to: Keenan Pepper / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Photo Dharma from Penang, Malaysia / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) Vijay Tiwari / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) By Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand - Detail of:., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61783990 Nikhil99 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Kreativeart / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Prarthana1830590 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Prince RoyTravel Miles With Smiles / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Here we have three chilling first-hand accounts of Mongol attacks, and the tactics they used when they had a civilization in their grasp. Huge thanks to Jackmeister: Mongol History for their help in producing this video: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQEYhWVV3V-ItwJE-kgRd9w Taken from: Genghis Khan: the history of the world conqueror. Juvaini, Ata Malik, Boyle, J.A. [translator] A Literary History of Persia, Edward G Browne Robert Bedrosian - Armenian Historical Sources (attalus.org) If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: derivative work Bkkbrad / *File:Gengis Khan empire-fr.svg: historicair 17:01, 8 October 2007 (UTC) / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5) By Stomac - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.0 fr, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11911497 KoizumiBS / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)This map has been uploaded by Electionworld from en.wikipedia.org to enable the Wikimedia Atlas of the World . Original uploader to en.wikipedia.org was Briangotts, known as Briangotts at en.wikipedia.org. Electionworld is not the creator of this map. Licensing information is below AutorKoizumiBS By Taisir Mahdi - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62564761

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history ------------------------------------------- Here we have an extract from the autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi, famed Japanese reformer and a member of the first Japanese embassy to The United States after 200+ years of isolation. Extract from The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi translated by Eiichi Kiyooka, 1934 edition. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By World Imaging (talk) - Own work, photographed at Japan Currency Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9665770 Fumiya Fujihara / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) TANAKA Juuyoh (%u7530%u4E2D%u5341%u6D0B) / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) army.arch Mare Island Naval Shipyard, CA Hospital Historic Photo 1920s Cliff 3rd Floor Smithsonian American Art Museum

More from Japanese national icon Fukuzawa Yukichi. After his groundbreaking trip to America, here we have the first detailed Japanese perspective of Europe, after the Sakoku period of isolation. England, France, Holland and Russia. Extract from The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi translated by Eiichi Kiyooka, 1934 edition. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: OKJaguar opethpainterFlickr: Hôtel du Louvre Alessio Bragadini CharmaineZoe's Marvelous Melange French Fashion Plate - 1848-1864 Operating theatre: The original uploader was MykReeve at English Wikipedia. This Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons image is from the user Chris 73 and is freely available at //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sea_of_Japan_Map.png under the creative commons cc-by-sa 3.0 license.

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. ------------------------------------------------- Here we have the final part of our Fukuzawa Yukichi epic, dealing with the fallout with Britain after the Namamugi Incident, Fukuzawa's second trip to the USA, and the turmoil of the Meiji Restoration. Extract from The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi translated by Eiichi Kiyooka, 1934 edition. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Multicherry / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Here we have the British sour grapes reaction to the Declaration of Independence from 1 August 1776, taken from the oldest magazine in the world - The Scots Magazine. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Annie Mole Rockefeller Centre - Pursuit of Happiness

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history --------------- This is the American perspective as it was partially related by Commodore Perry of the initial days of his 'opening' of Japan in 1853. Extract taken from Robert Tomes, The Americans in Japan: An Abridgement of the Government Narrative of the U.S. Expedition (New York: D. Appleton & Co, 1857) If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- - Epidemic Sound — Voice actor & editor:- David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: David Rumsey Map Collection, David Rumsey Map Center, Stanford Libraries British Library British Museum Collection Pratyeka

Here we have the testimony of Nahua annalist Chimalpahin from 1610, 1611 and 1614, as he describes a couple of visits from a far away foreign land - "Japan, in China". Extracts from: "Annals of His Time" by Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin. EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY JAMES LOCKHART, SUSAN SCHROEDER, AND DORIS NAMALA. Stanford University Press 2006 https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=10319 Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Samuraiantiqueworld De Mexch - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30446022 By Another Believer - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7512343

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. ------------------------------------------------- Here we have the famous explorer Marco Polo describing the Mongols as he knew them, under the great Kublai Khan. Taken from the translation by Henry Yule. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Date 25 June 2019 Source Own work Author KoizumiBS By Chinneeb - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18793938 By Khiruge - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35549943 By SY - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61617380 By Shizhao - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5879422 By Angus Cepka - Photo taken by Angus Cepka, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4167062 By gongfu_king - DSCN0069, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7234520 By PHGCOM - Own work, photographed at Tokyo Currency Museum, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9520436 Globegroup1 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

Here we have Marco Polo telling the Mongol side of the invasion of 1281, and the catastrophes that followed - and the first European mention of the mysterious island of 'Chipangu'. Taken from the translation by Henry Yule. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: A. Omer Karamollaoglu Kublai Khanそらみみ / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) Hideyuki KAMON / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0) James St. John Pearls By Copyright © National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Attribution, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=278362http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mouko/e_04.html Kyushu University: https://web.archive.org/web/20131019155043/http://record.museum.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mouko/index.html

Thanks to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://squarespace.com/voices and add code “VOICES" at checkout to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. ------------------------------------------------- Here we have the fascinating tale of Rabban Sawma, who made the journey all the way to English land from Beijing. Translated from the Syriac by SIR E. A. WALLIS BUDGE. https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/sauma.html Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Dnalor 01 / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)By Cplakidas - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11113783Tomasz Steifer, Gdansk / CC BY-SA (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)

Here we have extracts from Sun Tzu's ancient classic, still relevant today. Translated by Lionel Giles. Huge thanks to Antony Cummins for the use of his images from his version of the text, and for his choice of extracts for this video. Pick up a copy of his clear and easy to understand version here: https://www.amazon.com/Ultimate-Art-War-Step-Step/dp/1786782715 Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By vlasta2, bluefootedbooby on flickr.com - https://www.flickr.com/photos/bluefootedbooby/370458424/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1616406 By SY - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=64875198 Joe Hunt Terracotta Warrior, Xian https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/7d/eda234fc2aa4a6c3aa426a997f6c9d.jpg Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/V0037646.html Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-21): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qmcauudh CC-BY-4.0 AhaUFO / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Photo by prostějovský časosběrač from Pexels Poemandpainting / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Filipe Fortes from New York, United States / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)

Get 68% off NordVPN at only $3.71 a month, plus a bonus month at https://nordvpn.com/voicesofthepast or use the coupon 'voicesofthepast'. ---------------------------------------------------------- In 1901 the 'Ladies Home Journal' published an article describing the advances predicted to happen in the next hundred years. Flying ships, x-rays, enormous strawberries - the success rate is surprisingly high. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Photocolorization / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) sigmund freudThis file comes from Wellcome Images, a website operated by Wellcome Trust, a global charitable foundation based in the United Kingdom. Refer to Wellcome blog post (archive). By University of Liverpool Faculty of Health & Life Sciences from Liverpool, United Kingdom - First x-ray taken in Liverpool, 1896, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40414962By https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/a2/62/fbf01c93a6b404e2d7e2e442940f.jpgGallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0001839.htmlWellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pthvh6vq CC-BY-4.0, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35860719

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Huge thanks to Thomas Lockley for his help with the sources. Check out his definitive book on the subject: https://www.amazon.com/African-Samurai-Yasuke-Legendary-Warrior/dp/1335141022 Excerpts from: Thomas Lockley, "They Came to Japan: An Anthology of European Reports on Japan, 1543-1640." Michael Cooper "The chronicle of Lord Nobunaga by Ota Gyuichi" translated and edited by J.S.A. Elisonas and J.P. Lamers. Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: Marie-Lan Nguyen- katana By Lia Sofianopoulou - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82718539 By Sailko - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=61576221

If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Video actor and editor: David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By KEMNA - KEMNA, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=87884387 Mike McBey Poppies By Rauantiques - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=70326898 By Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-2005-0164 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5419894 Clemens Vasters Wilhelm II By Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-11383 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5415315 Atribución: Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-01280 / CC-BY-SA 3.0

Head over to http://bit.ly/VoicesofthePast to get 50% off your first six months of Babbel, the world's #1 language learning app (for a limited time only!) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Taken from Cosmopolitan Volume 50 (1911) If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io Video actor and editor: David Kelly We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By Hi-Res Images ofChemical Elements - http://images-of-elements.com/nickel.php, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28653788 By Bundesarchiv, Bild 102-09312 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5414490

Get your special offer for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- Video actor and editor: David Kelly Taken from 'Konyo Zukishi' by Mitsukuri Shōgo (1845) Sakamaki Shunzo, Japan and the United States 1790 - 1853 If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Some images taken from Osanaetoki Bankokubanashi (童絵解万国噺), an 1861 book by writer Kanagaki Robun and artist Utagawa Yoshitora, and other images from the work of Utagawa Yoshitora.

Many thanks to Seyed Benyamin Keshavarz (Baron Benyamin aka Getsugawa Yuzuru) for this translation, taken from: The trip to Iran and the Asia Minor : The travels of Toyokichi YENĀGĀ (1899) Video narrated and edited by David Kelly. If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By درفش کاویانی - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17932152By Carole Raddato - Persepolis, Iran (Flickr album), CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=82536480By Леон Петросян, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48932037By Philippe Chavin (Simorg) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1376143By M samadi - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2955858By Mehrdad Sarhangi - panoramio, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16271740By Bernard Gagnon - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67792678By Ninaras - Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58411823

Get your free trial of MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/voicesofthepast. It's an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 2,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/explore/history -------------- This extract has been taken from the wonderful book: 'The Wonders of Vilayet: Being the Memoir, Originally in Persian, of a Visit to France and Britain in 1765' by Mirza Sheikh I'tesamuddin and translated by Kaiser Haq. Published by Peepal Tree Press Ltd. (2002) https://www.amazon.com/Wonders-Vilayet-Originally-Persian-Britain/dp/1900715155 This video is part of a collaboration with 13 other history youtubers - 'Discovery of India'. Check out Khanubis' video: https://youtu.be/SL6312270Xw And Odd Compass': https://youtu.be/rSo1HrlbXKw And the playlist for a wealth of amazing Indian history: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5Ag9n-o0IZBGFDCZqsHB7NKMR1PyRpQx Video actor and editor: David Kelly If this channel is something you like, if you think saving primary sources is important, head over to the patreon and join up! https://www.patreon.com/voicesofthepast — Don’t forget to subscribe to my brother's channel History Time, where he makes full length historical documentaries:- https://www.youtube.com/historytime — Music courtesy of:- Epidemic Sound Artlist.io We try to use copyright free images at all times. However if we have used any of your artwork or maps then please don't hesitate to contact me and we’ll be more than happy to give the appropriate credit. Thanks to: By CMitch - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=62337213 By Femtoquake - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18292595 English: View from the whispering gallery in St Pauls Cathedral in London. Deutsch