Applied Science

A very unusual way to flash a neon lamp using sunscreen. Aerolux lamps: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerolux_Light_Corporation Good selection of gear motors at Jameco: https://www.jameco.com/shop/keyword=12Vdc-Gear-Motor Awesome Keithly SourceMeter: https://www.tek.com/keithley-source-measure-units/keithley-smu-2400-series-sourcemeter This video is a freebie for Patreon supporters, and I will donate any awards to a STEM education charity.

How to make and test your own pieces of YBCO superconductor. Best how-to resources for YBCO: http://physlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Superconductor_manual1.pdf http://www.futurescience.com/scpart1.html https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed078p1182.1 -- I couldn't get this to work. All chemical purchased on eBay. The kiln that I used: https://www.sheffield-pottery.com/PARAGON-QUIKFIRE-6-KILN-p/pqf6.htm Colored ferrofluid: https://www.amazon.com/Emerald-Green-Ferrofluid-60ml-Display/dp/B015WNU9NM/ Pax temperature logger: http://paxinstruments.com/products/sku927/ Keithly SMU: https://www.tek.com/keithley-source-measure-units/keithley-smu-2400-series-sourcemeter Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Spraying water onto a piece of glass will create plasma (no, really!). https://authors.library.caltech.edu/83266/4/PNAS-2017-Gharib-12657-62.pdf http://www.pnas.org/content/suppl/2017/11/15/1712717114.DCSupplemental Hydraulic power unit eg: https://www.ebay.com/p/110v-Electric-Manual-Valve-Hydraulic-Pump-10000psi-Industrial-Supply/803674117?iid=182542644055 Hydraulic ram: https://www.ebay.com/itm/20-tons-4-stroke-Single-Acting-Hydraulic-Cylinder-10000PSI-Jack-Ram-YG-20100/322196831537 Sapphire orifice: https://www.accustream.com/waterjet-parts/accustream/accustream-orifices-nozzles/ruby-diamond-orifices/11007-XXX.html 150K psi gauge was found on eBay after a very long search. Rare! Support Applied Science videos: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

The new Form Labs printer prints my brain and a bunch of other highly detailed stuff. Download my brain: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2903048 Complete instructions to print your own brain: https://github.com/miykael/3dprintyourbrain Using the above tool on Windows: http://nuclear-imaging.info/site_content/2016/09/12/installing-running-freesurfer-windows-10/ Formlabs: https://formlabs.com/ Tesla valve: https://grabcad.com/library/tesla-one-way-valve-1 Vortex tube: https://grabcad.com/library/vortex-tube https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

I demo the Zeeman effect with a sodium flame and 1 tesla electromagnet! Inspiration on xoFunkox's channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyBjPiRlxzg Follow-up video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JV4Fk3VNZqs Zeeman effect Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeeman_effect 18W low-pressure sodium lamp on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Philips-234047-18-watt-SOX-E18-Pressure/dp/B004NIRVXO Microwave oven transformer. The price has been going up on these. I seem to remember paying just $10 or $20 each. Finding junked microwave ovens is fairly easy too. https://www.ebay.com/itm/Microwave-Oven-High-Voltage-Transformer-GAL-700U-1-w15/273263153173?hash=item3f9fc0d015:g:JXUAAOSwC~1bFzPk Magnetic field meter: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B074KVK7WD/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o02_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1 50A power supply (DC stick welder, not this exact model, but very similar) https://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200680691_200680691?cm_mmc=Google-pla&utm_source=Google_PLA&utm_medium=Welding%20%3E%20Arc%20%2B%20Stick%20Welding&utm_campaign=Klutch&utm_content=55728&cm_mmc=Google-pla&utm_source=google_PLA&utm_campaign=&mkwid=sVlyaIJ6C&pcrid=39155627516&devicetype=c&gclid=CjwKCAjwgr3ZBRAAEiwAGVssnap1_WInlowjEuN5nqZ78ooT_yMVbyM3wCFCSW6Cvs5ySiXZucsw1BoCtnQQAvD_BwE Faraday effect on Applied Science: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhU-nNiAgtI&t=46s Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Why is a candle flame repelled by magnets? It turns out to be a combination of diamagnetic soot particles and hot gas. Dr. Faraday on the diamagnetic condition: https://books.google.com/books?id=Shc8boMnrBoC&pg=RA3-PA406&lpg=RA3-PA406#v=onepage&q&f=false On Flame and Gases: https://books.google.com/books?id=D8NAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA187&lpg=PA187#v=onepage&q&f=false I should have mentioned in the video that the exhaust from a flame will be oxygen-poor, thus also making it more diamagnetic than normal air. Air is a mixture of nitrogen (diamagnetic) and oxygen (paramagnetic). Removing the oxygen will make the resulting gas more diamagnetic. https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

A practical introduction to understanding magnetic devices such as transformers and motors. This video covers BH curves, reluctance, permeability, DC and AC magnetic circuits, and some applications. CORRECTION: at 13:48, I say that permeability can be negative. This is not true. All permeabilities are positive. Diamagnetic materials have permeabilities that are lower than empty space (eg .95 relative permeability). There is another quantity which is called susceptibility, which describes the ratio between flux carried by a material, and the flux carried by the space which the material occupies. This quantity can be negative. Please put questions in the comments, and I'll do my best to answer them! I apologize that I didn't mention inductance. This video focuses only on the magnetic side of things. Inductance is how the electrical circuit interacts with the magnetics. https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

This vintage electrical meter is incredibly sensitive, and latches relay contacts with just 18 nanowatts! Link to old Weston advertisement from 1950's: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7efe/c1a814298b121ecf67947183d3630db7f3b0.pdf https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

I developed a new chemical process to make double-sided PCBs with a laser cutter, and some common chemicals. This is intended to be used on SLA 3D-printed parts, but may work on many materials. Refs: http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/29/28004.pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.527.5817&rep=rep1&type=pdf http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/195088/3/chapter%202.pdf https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(03)00424-5 https://library.nrao.edu/public/memos/chem/CHEM_5.pdf https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48645791.pdf Support Applied Science: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

Two unusual materials with unusual names. I show how to make "dry" water and propane gas hydrate, which looks like ice and is flammable. Dry water http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1024928/FULLTEXT02.pdf Propane clathrate https://sci-hub.tw/10.1021/jp3035049 Propane hydrate formation https://sci-hub.tw/10.1021/ie0207764 Methane storage in hydrates https://sci-hub.tw/10.1021/ja8048173 Propane hydrate: https://ps.uci.edu/scholar/sites/default/files/making_a_propane_clathrate_hydrate_1.pdf https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/oil-and-gas/project-summaries/completed-env/fwp-feab112 Propane vapor pressure: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/1020/propane_C3H8_vapour_pressure.pdf Fumed hydrophobic silica on eBay: https://www.ebay.com/itm/Hydrophobic-Fumed-Silica-Powder-2-Qt-64-oz-volume/123100048097 https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

I tested the 32KHz MEMs oscillator used in some phones, and discovered that just a 2% helium environment will cause the oscillator to fail. I also do a teardown of the MEMs device, and inspect it under the electron microscope. iFixit blog post: https://ifixit.org/blog/11986/iphones-are-allergic-to-helium/ and vid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0YLW6v5hrA Original thread about MRI facility and iPhone failure on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/9mk2o7/mri_disabled_every_ios_device_in_facility/ MEMs silicon encapsulation: http://micromachine.stanford.edu/~bongsang/pdf/Candler_2005_Transducers05_Hydrogen_diffusion_encapsulated.pdf https://www.sitime.com/api/gated/AN20001-MEMS-First-and-EpiSeal-Processes.pdf https://sci-hub.tw/10.1109/TADVP.2003.818062 I added images and raw data here: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1l3mJ4UTs8aY70scH7vDaf0M8pLeP2kqI?usp=sharing Applied Science on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

This electroluminescent paint can make almost any smooth surface glow, even flexible objects. I show how to use it, and demo a custom multi-channel driver circuit that I designed. https://hackaday.io/project/162240-multi-channel-electroluminescent-driver https://github.com/benkrasnow/EL_driver_multi https://www.lumilor.com/ https://www.coastairbrush.com/categories.asp?cat=386 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEDOT:PSS http://www.testequipmentdepot.com/metcal/fluid-dispensing-systems/dispensers-controllers/dispensers/0-100-psi-economical-digital-dispenser-dx250.htm https://www.amazon.com/KSGER-Soldering-Electronic-Elements-200V-260V/dp/B07F5J5WXM https://www.amazon.com/Heat-Scientific-Ceramic-Resistive-OD30T1-2/dp/B074Z62BDK/ https://www.mcmaster.com/6699a8 https://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/3m-tc/1-2-6-1183/3M9895-ND/2649440 https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience

A plain laser diode can easily measure sub-micron vibrations from centimeters away by self-mixing interferometry! I also show how this technique can be used for range-finding. http://sci-hub.tw/http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1464-4258/4/6/371/pdf https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/Products/ProdDS/2120428.pdf https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/optical-engineering/volume-57/issue-05/051506/Overview-of-self-mixing-interferometer-applications-to-mechanical-engineering/10.1117/1.OE.57.5.051506.full?SSO=1 Nerd Thunder! Check them out! Dean Segovis: https://www.youtube.com/user/HackaweekTV Jeri Ellsworth: https://www.youtube.com/user/jeriellsworth Becky Stern: https://www.youtube.com/user/bekathwia Ben Krasnow: https://www.youtube.com/user/bkraz333 John Schuch: https://www.youtube.com/user/HackersBenchTV Darren Landrum: https://www.youtube.com/user/dmlandrum Joe Grand: https://www.youtube.com/user/kingpinempire Mark VandeWettering: https://www.youtube.com/user/brainwagon Alan Wolke: https://www.youtube.com/user/w2aew/ https://www.patreon.com/AppliedScience