Cool Worlds

We caught up with Prof Sean Carroll at a recent astronomy conference and got his thoughts about time. Time may seem like a fundamental property of the Universe, but actually there's nothing in quantum theory which requires this to be so. Prof Carroll explains how time being merely an illusion, an emergent property rather than a fundamental one, is actually compatible with our best understanding of nature. This is one of two videos we shot with Sean so look out for the second video later in the year! ::More about this Video:: ► Sean Carroll: "From Eternity to Here" book available on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Eternity-Here-Quest-Ultimate-Theory/dp/0452296544 ► Sean Carroll's blog "Preposterous Universe" at https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/ ► 229th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society: https://aas.org/meetings/aas229 ► Background music by Hans Zimmer, Interstellar OST ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

During the recent AAS meeting, I also managed to catch up with Hannah Wakeford - exoplanet cloud expert. We're just starting to learn about clouds on exoplanets and recent work has found evidence for corondum clouds, a mineral which forms the basis of rubies and sapphires! Hannah explains how this weirdness arises, how we detect them and what other surprises might lie in store for us. Be sure to check out Hannah's podcast (www.exocast.org) for more exoplanet news! ::More about this Video:: ► Wakeford et al. (2016), "High temperature condensate clouds in super-hot Jupiter atmospheres": https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.03325 ► Sing et al. (2016), "A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion": https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.04341 ► Hannah Wakeford bio: http://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/bio/hannah.wakeford ► Kreidberg et al. (2014), "Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b": https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.0022 ► Exocast podcast: www.exocast.org ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Have you ever wondered just how many planets there are in the Universe? So have we! We haven't surveyed the entire Universe (!) but based of the occurrence rate of planets in our local part of the cosmos, we can try to carefully extrapolate the total. In Part 1 of this mini-series, we focus on our galaxy, the Milky Way and explain why even here there is a great deal of uncertainty. ::More about this Video:: ► Cassan et al. (2012), "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations": https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.0903 ► Sumi et al. (2011), "Unbound or Distant Planetary Mass Population Detected by Gravitational Microlensing": https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3544 ► Dressing & Charbonneau (2016) "The Occurrence of Potentially Habitable Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs Estimated from the Full Kepler Dataset and an Empirical Measurement of the Detection Sensitivity": https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.01623 ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Hey Cool Worlders! Here's part 2 of the mini series "How Many Planets in the Universe?" where we now estimate the total number of worlds in the cosmos. If you haven't seen part 1, link is just below! ::More about this Video:: ► Check out part 1 of this video series, "How Many Planets in the Universe? | Part 1: Our Galaxy": https://youtu.be/QQbp91m16Fw ► Size of the Universe reference, Vardanyan et al. (2011), “Applications of Bayesian model averaging to the curvature and size of the Universe”: https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5476v2 ► Number of galaxies in the observable Universe reference, Conselice et al. (2016), “The Evolution of Galaxy Number Density at z less than 8 and its Implications”: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03909v2 ► Simon Driver speaking at the IAU XXVth General Assembly, Sydney, Australia 2003. I can’t find a paper but the press release is reported at http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/space/07/22/stars.survey/ and http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3085885.stm ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Organic molecules are essential for life. The Earth and the Solar Systems appears to have plenty but do planets around other stars have them as well? Planets still in the process of forming are usually accompanied by disks of left-over material and using the ALMA telescope we have started to probe the chemistry of these alien systems! Karin Öberg, a professor of astrochemisty, explains what we've learnt about extrasolar organic molecules so far. This is one of the videos shot at the American Astronomical Meeting in Texas, so apologies for the background sounds as people wander around nearby! ::More about this Video:: ► Öberg et al. (2015), "The cometary composition of a protoplanetary disk as revealed by complex cyanides": https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.06347 ► Karin Öberg homepage: https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~koberg/Home.html ► Learn more about forming planets with Prof Catherine Espaillat's Cool Worlds video: https://youtu.be/X2TdbU3Ql3I ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

When will our civilization end? Whether it be by our own means or an external threat, there are many plausible scenarios which could extinguish humanity. Remarkably, using the Principle of Mediocrity (that we are just typical observers and not special) it is possible to answer this question statistically with a line of thought called the Doomsday Argument. We get into how this works and what it says about our prospects for survival... ::More about this Video:: ► Richard Gott (1993), "Implications of the Copernican principle for our future prospects": http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v363/n6427/abs/363315a0.html ► Fergus Simpson (2016), "Apocalypse Now? Reviving the Doomsday Argument": https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03072 ► Carter & McCrea (1983): "The Anthropic Principle and its Implications for Biological Evolution [and Discussion]", http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/310/1512/347 ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Astronomers just announced the discovery of seven Earth-sized transiting planets around TRAPPIST-1! Elisabeth Newton, who studies very small stars like TRAPPIST-1, came by the Cool Worlds Lab to tell us about how this star might affect the prospects for life on these potentially habitable worlds. ::More about this Video:: ► Gillon et al. (2017), "Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1": http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7642/full/nature21360.html ► O'Malley-James & Kaltenegger (2017), "UV Surface Habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 System": https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06936 ► TRAPPIST-1 website: www.trappist.one ► Elisabeth Newton's website: https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~enewton/ ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Astronomers just announced the discovery of seven Earth-sized transiting planets around TRAPPIST-1! Cool Worlds Lab astronomer Moiya McTier explains why this is so exciting, what we know and don't know so far, and what the prospects for life are in this fascinating system. ::More about this Video:: ► Gillon et al. (2017), "Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1": http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7642/full/nature21360.html ► O'Malley-James & Kaltenegger (2017), "UV Surface Habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 System": https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.06936 ► TRAPPIST-1 website: www.trappist.one ► Moiya McTier's website: http://moiyamctier.weebly.com ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Astronomers are finding habitable exoplanets everywhere! We are now starting to think about the next step, how can we use our telescopes to look for signs of life on distant worlds? Cool Worlds Lab astronomer Tiffany Jansen talks about possible atmospheric signals that could indicate the presence of a biosphere, but also the abiotic sources that could fool us all. ::More about this Video:: ► Reinhard et al. (2017), "False negatives for remote life detection on ocean-bearing planets: Lessons from the early Earth": https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01137 ► Hein et al. (2013), "Some inconvenient truths about biosignatures involving two chemical species on Earth-like exoplanets": https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.6531 ► Wordsworth & Pierrehumbert (2014), "Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets": https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.2713 ► Outro music by Taylor Davis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dl9kI1yQKZk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Yes, the question of what makes a planet a "planet" is back in the news after a team of planetary scientists published a new paper challenging the status quo and arguing that Pluto should be a planet again. You may have thought this issue was settled back in 2006 but many problems exist with the current definition. We explain what's wrong with the current version, what this new paper proposes instead and the consequences of the change if it were to be accepted. ::More about this Video:: ► Runyon et al. (2017), "A Geophysical Planet Definition": http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2017/pdf/1448.pdf ► IAU 26th General Assembly Resolution 5A, "Definition of ‘planet' ": https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/ ► Chen & Kipping (2016), "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds": https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08614 ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

This week I'm changing things up a bit and I thought it would be fun to talk about what it's like to do astronomy research. We see scientists and engineers portrayed in films a lot, but what is research really like? This is a personal account exploring exactly what is it about research that causes so many of us to get hooked on it for life? Let me know if you have questions about what it's like to do research. ::More about this Video:: ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

When you look the mirror, the image you see is accurate, right? Sure you left and right side get flipped, but what about your size, color and proportions? When we think about mirrors relativistically, there are a few strange (but tiny) effects which mean your appearance in the mirror is distorted. Cool Worlds explains what's going on, why it happens and how big an effect we are talking about. ::More about this Video:: ► The following paper gives a derivation of why the law of reflection breaks down, although it not model the reaction of the mirror in response to the photon: Aleksandar Gjurchinovski, "Reflection from a moving mirror - a simple derivation using the photon model of light": https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0998 ► Physics Girl, "Why do mirrors flip horizontally (but not vertically)?": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBpxhfBlVLU ► Vsauce, "What Color is a Mirror?": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yrZpTHBEss ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by MelodySheep "Secrets of the Stars": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuxFXHircaI ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Moore's Law has given us exponential improvements in computer technology for many decades, benefiting everything from astrophysics to iPhones, but is it about to end? Jamie Teherani a Columbia Professor of Electrical Engineering, swung by the Cool Worlds Lab to explain what Moore's Law is all about and predict it's future. ::More about this Video:: ► Jamie Teherani explains how a computer works video: https://youtu.be/8cVsgFN3hSM ► Video of a black hole tidal disruption event courtesy of NASA: https://youtu.be/hu6hIhW00Fk ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Earth-sized planets found in the habitable-zones of low-mass stars are likely to become tidally locked to the star, with one side baked in perpetual sunlight and other trapped in an eternal night. These so-called "Eyeball Earths" turn out to be extremely common and some famous examples include Proxima b and the planets around TRAPPIST-1. Here, we explain why this tidal locking happens and what it means for the potential habitability of these alien worlds. ::More about this Video:: ► "Discovery of a Planet around our Nearest Star: Proxima b" Cool Worlds video by Dr Guillem Anglada: https://youtu.be/59ClESB1AqA ► "Proxima b: Transits, Habitability & How to Get There!" Cool Worlds video by Prof Kipping: https://youtu.be/tcc635lNRwY ► Gillon et al. (2017), "Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1": http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v542/n7642/full/nature21360.html ► Video of zonal winds on a tidally locked planet taken from Merlis & Schneider (2010), "Atmospheric dynamics of Earth-like tidally locked aquaplanets": https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.5117 ► Leconte et al. (2015), "Asynchronous rotation of Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone of lower-mass stars": http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6222/632 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/davi

Sarah Pearson, a graduate student here at the Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, is launching a new YouTube channel called "Space with Sarah". Cool Worlds wanted to help promote real science on YouTube so here David chats with Sarah about her new channel and explains what it's all about. ::More about this Video:: ► Here's where you can find "Space with Sarah": https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGozv81LbhEvkeYIW7ora8g ► Here's the "Infinite Series" YouTube channel Sarah mentioned: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs4aHmggTfFrpkPcWSaBN9g ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

New research paper from the Cool Worlds Lab about one the most exciting missions ever proposed, "Starshot". Starshot plans to send tiny probes to distant planets beyond our Solar System, the first true interstellar spacecraft. To do this within our lifetimes requires a very fast probe, reaching one-fifth the speed of light. That means Einstein's theory of special relativity starts to become important and so in our new paper, explained in the video, we figured out how much of a difference that makes... ::More about this Video:: ► David Kipping (2017), "Relativistic Light Sails": https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04310 ► Live stream of the Breakthrough Discuss meeting at Stanford (04/20-04/21): https://www.facebook.com/BreakthroughPrize ► Breakthrough Initiatives website: https://breakthroughinitiatives.org ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!! ヅ

Jupiter is the King of the Solar System but exoplanet surveys have revealed that it's an unusual type of world. Just ~10% of Sun-like stars have planets of the same mass and orbit as Jupiter. So could the existence of Jupiter be somehow beneficial to emergence of complex life, like us, on other planets in the system? On the hand, maybe Jupiter's strong gravity should scatter asteroids towards us, perhaps making things worse? Dr Elisa Quintana from NASA Goddard dropped in to the Cool Worlds Lab and explained her research trying to resolve the mystery of Jupiter's role: friend or foe? ::More about this Video:: ► Quintana et al. (2016), "The Frequency of Giant Impacts on Earth-like Worlds": https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.03663 ► Johnson et al. (2010), "Giant Planet Occurrence in the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Plane": https://arxiv.org/abs/1005.3084 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!! ヅ

This semester I taught "Exoplanets & Astrobiology" at Columbia and decided to do something a bit non-traditional and ask my class to make outreach videos in any style they want about a topic we covered in class. This video, by Elliotte Jun Beom Lee, Natalie Gaisser & Huiying Zhang was voted the class favorite and so I decided to upload it on the Cool Worlds channel to share with everyone! Let us know what you think and if you have any questions about habitable-zones. You can check out some of the other great videos made by class here: ► "What is a Planet by the Left-Handed Sneutrinos" by Leah Hays, Greg Humphries & Kaitlyn Loftus: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4U9kd9NjaA ► "Sipping with Kipping" by Jeff Xie and Gabrielle Englemann-Suisse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4U9kd9NjaA ► "Astrometry & Exoplanets" by Shreyas Vissapragada and Briley Lewis: http://www.showme.com/sh/?h=7osiO8m ::More about this Video:: ► Kopparapu et al. (2013), "Habitable Zones Around Main-Sequence Stars: New Estimates": https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.6674 ► Ramirez & Kaltenegger (2014), "The Habitable Zones of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars": https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1764 ► Ramirez & Kaltenegger (2016), "Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars": https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04924 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!! ヅ

Breakthrough Starshot plans to accelerate a gram-mass spacecraft up to one-fifth the speed of light to reach nearby stars in our lifetimes. In a recent video (https://youtu.be/Ksb6Vh0BT_E), I discussed some work I'd taken on calculating how the speed of the spacecraft (a light sail) changes as one shines an intense laser beam on it. It turns out my equations differ with the predictions of the Breakthrough team, and indeed just about everyone whose worked on this problem all the way to Einstein himself, who treated it as an example calculation for relativity. Remarkably, there does appear to be a small mistake in this example calculation (but not relativity itself) and in this video I explain how I came across it, why I'm convinced it's right and the nature of serendipitous discovery. ::More about this Video:: ► The paper (now accepted for publication) is available here- David Kipping (2017), "Relativistic Light Sails": https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04310 ► Asst Prof David Kipping homepage: www.davidkipping.com ► Philip Lubin (2016), "A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight": https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.01356 ► Kulkarni, Lubin & Zhang (2016), "Relativistic solutions to directed energy": http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=2555764 ► Arthur Compton (1923), "A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements": https://journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.21.483 ► Albert Einstein (1905), "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper": http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.19053221004/abstract ► Breakthrough Initiatives website: https://breakthroughinitiatives.org ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by MelodySheep "Secrets of the Stars": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuxFXHircaI ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http

Back in January, I shot a couple a videos with Sean Carroll at the 229th American Astronomical Meeting. Well, at last here is the second video from that day where I asked Sean - "What was before the Big Bang?". This is probably one of the most commonly asked questions I get as an astronomer, so check out what a true expert on the subject thinks about this question in just under 3 minutes! ::More about this Video:: ► Sean Carroll: "From Eternity to Here" book available on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Eternity-Here-Quest-Ultimate-Theory/dp/0452296544 ► Sean Carroll's blog "Preposterous Universe" at https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/ ► 229th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society: https://aas.org/meetings/aas229 ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Exciting news! Tabby's Star has been detected just to be transiting again just the last couple of days! This video is just announcing a live Q&A we will host tomorrow on this channel with Prof Tabby Boyajian herself about these latest developments. Throw your questions down below for tomorrow! Live stream link: https://youtu.be/k_-6SEb2QlM ::More about this Video:: ► Jason Wright's Cool Worlds video, "The Most Mysterious Star": https://youtu.be/jjh0oK7ZyfM ► Cool Worlds video "What is an Alien Megastructure?" at https://youtu.be/tYHVCW3BkHU ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Live Q&A about Tabby's Star important news with David Kipping & Tabetha Boyajian. Tune in at 11am Eastern and hit us up with any questions you may have! ::More about this Video:: ► Announcement video (trailer): https://youtu.be/m-mjDZq7jN4 ► Prof Tabetha Boyajian homepage: http://www.astro.yale.edu/tabetha/Site/Welcome.html ► Prof David Kipping homepage: www.davidkipping.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

You've probably heard about the recent news of the strange dimmings of Tabby's Star and the provoactive hypothesis of an alien megastructure (fi not check out http://bit.ly/TabbysStar). But could there be a natural explanation instead? Well two theoretical astrophycistss here at Columbia think so and here they briefly summarize some of the leading theories (although news ones are appearing almost every day!) and they think their own explanation is the best one so far. ::More about this Video:: ► Metzger, Shen & Stone (2017), "Secular Dimming of KIC 8462852 Following its Consumption of a Planet": https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.07332 ► Montet & Simon (2016), "KIC 8462852 Faded Throughout the Kepler Mission": https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01316 ► Schaefer (2016), "KIC 8462852 Faded at an Average Rate of 0.165+-0.013 Magnitudes Per Century From 1890 To 1989": https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.03256 ► Boyajian et al. (2016), "Planet Hunters X. KIC 8462852 - Where's the Flux?": https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.03622 ► Live Q&A on Cool Worlds with Tabby Boyajian: https://youtu.be/k_-6SEb2QlM ► Cool Worlds video "What is an Alien Megastructure?" at https://youtu.be/tYHVCW3BkHU ► Jason Wright's Cool Worlds video, "The Most Mysterious Star": https://youtu.be/jjh0oK7ZyfM ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu

Planets transit stars all the time, yeah yeah that's old news. So what about black holes?! We've never detected a black hole transiting a star but it would create some pretty weird effects, as we get into in this week's Cool Worlds episode. Feel free to ask questions below! ::More about this Video:: ► Kruse & Agol (2014), "KOI-3278: A Self-Lensing Binary Star System": https://arxiv.org/abs/1404.4379 ► Maeder (1973), "Light Curves of the Gravitational Lens-like Action for Binaries with Degenerate Stars": http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973A%26A....26..215M ► Cool Worlds - Live Q&A on Tabby's Star with Tabby Boyajian: https://youtu.be/k_-6SEb2QlM ► Cool Worlds - A Theory for Tabby's Star: https://youtu.be/risNfZxz6DQ ► Cool Worlds - Eyeball Earths: https://youtu.be/85zbpJXSTn0 ► Cool Worlds - The Great American Eclipse 2017: https://youtu.be/9Vi35gVCz2Y ► Cool Worlds - A Cloaking Device for Transiting Planets: https://youtu.be/z1Pqqf_6J9w ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by melodysheep "Monsters of the Cosmos": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e5-0t0pTF0 ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

We now know of thousands of exoplanet candidates discovered by NASA's Kepler Mission, using the so-called transit method. Unfortunately, transits only tell astronomers the size of the planet, not the mass. Cool Worlds Lab member Jingjing Chen discusses her new research paper which applies a type of forecasting model to predict planetary masses, based off their sizes. This reveals a couple of strange observations, as Jingjing explains in this video. ::More about this Video:: ► Chen & Kipping (2017b), "Forecasted masses for seven thousand KOIs": https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.01522 ► Chen & Kipping (2017a), "Probabilistic Forecasting of the Masses and Radii of Other Worlds": https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08614 ► Cool Worlds - Classifying Worlds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sp28ZN9Zhdw ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

NASA's Kepler Mission is now into's eighth year of discovering new planets. This week, NASA held the fourth Kepler Science Conference at NASA Ames with important discoveries being announced there. Here's a rundown of a couple of the stories making the news and some insights into how these results fit into our emerging picture of exoplanets. ::More about this Video:: ► NASA Press Release "Hundreds of New Planet Candidates": https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-releases-kepler-survey-catalog-with-hundreds-of-new-planet-candidates ► Petigura et al. (2017), "The California-Kepler Survey. I. High Resolution Spectroscopy of 1305 Stars Hosting Kepler Transiting Planets": https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10400 ► Johnson et al. (2017), "The California-Kepler Survey. II. Precise Physical Properties of 2025 Kepler Planets and Their Host Stars": https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10402 ► Fulton et al. (2017), "The California-Kepler Survey. III. A Gap in the Radius Distribution of Small Planets": https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10375 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Over the last few weeks, there have been several headlines about climate change in the media, including the claim that the Earth may become unhabitable by the end of the century. Professor Kipping recaps what's happened and offers up some thoughts on these developments. Big thanks to the resources below used to make this video. 0:29: USA withdraws from the Paris Agreement 1:23: RSS revised analysis of satellite temperatures 2:18: Sea ice loss and new gigantic iceberg 2:58: "The Uninhabitable Earth" NY Magazine article ::More about this Video:: ► The Paris Agreement, UNFCCC: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php ► Latest global sea ice area plot by Wipneus: https://sites.google.com/site/arctischepinguin/home/sea-ice-extent-area/grf/nsidc_global_area_byyear_b.png ► Carbon Brief news article on the RSS revised satellite temperatures: https://www.carbonbrief.org/major-correction-to-satellite-data-shows-140-faster-warming-since-1998 ► "The Uninhabitable Earth" by David Wallace-Wells, New York magazine: http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/07/climate-change-earth-too-hot-for-humans.html ► Reflections by Professor Michael Mann on the Wallace-Wells article: https://t.co/MYt6ijQ8X1 ► More about liberating methane from permafrost: http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2012/01/much-ado-about-methane/ ► Climate Scientist Gavin Schmidt Twiiter: https://twitter.com/ClimateOfGavin ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Video background music by Nick Caville: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iv2WSDMBRxA ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:

Exomoons! Why are us Cool Worlders so fascinated by them? In this week's episode, Alex Teachey of the Cool Worlds Lab explains why some of us are working so hard to try and find these elusive objects. From understanding formation to possible habitats for life, moons promise to reveal many answers and surprises in the years ahead. ::More about this Video:: ► Canup & Ward (2002), "Formation of the Galilean Satellites: Conditions of Accretion", Astronomical Journal: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/344684/ ► Canup & Ward (2006), "A common mass scaling for satellite systems of gaseous planets", Nature: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7095/full/nature04860.html?foxtrotcallback=true ► Agnor & Hamilton (2006), "Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary-planet gravitational encounter", Nature: https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7090/full/nature04792.html ► Kipping (2014), "In Search of Exomoons", Bash Symposium 2013: https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1455 ► Kipping et al. (2012), "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): I. Description of a New Observational Project", The Astrophysical Journal: https://arxiv.org/abs/1201.0752 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

::More about this Video:: ► Teachey & Kipping (2017), "HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I": https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.08563 ► Alex's SciAm blog article: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/are-astronomers-on-the-verge-of-finding-an-exomoon/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciam%2Fspace+%28Topic%3A+Space%29 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

One of big projects here at the Cool Worlds Lan has been to try and detect reflected light off exoplanets. Tiffany Jansen has been leading this effort and here gives a 101 explainer as to how astronomers can do this and why it's so awesome! ::More about this Video:: ► Knutson et al. (2007), "A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b": https://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v447/n7141/full/nature05782.html ► Demory et al. (2013), "Inference of Inhomogeneous Clouds in an Exoplanet Atmosphere": https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.7894 ► Hu et al. (2012), "Theoretical Spectra of Terrestrial Exoplanet Surfaces": https://arxiv.org/abs/1204.1544 ► Kipping & Spiegel (2011), "Detection of visible light form the darkest world" https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2297 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Solar Eclipse is this Monday! To celebrate we shot a little video explaining what astronomers really think about eclipses, why eclipses don't attract conspiracy theories and how eclipses for planet-moon systems could re-create the movie Pitch Black. ::More about this Video:: ► Bryan Gaensler's article on The Conversation, "Eclipse of reason: Why do people disbelieve scientists?": http://theconversation.com/eclipse-of-reason-why-do-people-disbelieve-scientists-81068 ► Check out our earlier video about the Great American Eclipse: https://youtu.be/9Vi35gVCz2Y ► Forgan & Kipping (2013), "Dynamical Effects on the Habitable Zone for Earth-like Exomoons": https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.4377 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Pink Floyd "Eclipse": https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-dark-side-of-the-moon/id1065973699 ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

Lately there has been a growing push-back from the exoplanet community for astronomers to stop using the phrase "Earth-like". In this video, we get into the arguments being made and some reasons why I am personally finding the movement unpalatable. This is a topic ripe for public discussion so please watch through then let us know in the comments section what your opinion is! Thanks for your time! ::More about this Video:: ► Miriam Kramer (2016), "If we keep using 'Earth-like' to describe alien planets, it will become meaningless", Mashable: http://mashable.com/2016/08/28/earth-like-planets-proxima-b/ ► Moore et al. (2017), "How habitable zones and Super-Earths leads us astray", Nature Astronomy: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-017-0043 ► Nathaniel Scharping (2016), "What's the difference between Earth-mass and Earth-like?", Astronomy: http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/10/whats-the-difference-between-earth-mass-and-earth-like ► Elizabeth Task (2017), "Let's Lose the Term 'Habitable-Zone' for Exoplanets", Scientific American: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/lets-lose-the-term-habitable-zone-for-exoplanets/ ► Kipping et al. (2014), "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M-Dwarfs", ApJ, 784, 28: https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.1210 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Daft Punk "Harder, Better, Stronger, Faster": http://www.daftpunk.com and http://smarturl.it/DaftPunkiTunes ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Wor

Are you considering apply for graduate school? Or perhaps would like to one day in the future? If so, you are not alone and plenty of students around the US and beyond are starting to worry about what they need to do to apply. We decided to do something a bit different this week and do a longer video explaining the ten steps you need to follow if you ever plan to apply. Please do let us know if you have any questions or concerns about applying and we'll try to get back to you in the comments below! 1. Deciding if you want to apply 0:41 2. Try to gain research experience 1:09 3. What grades are needed for grad school? 4:51 4. What about the GRE? 6:19 5. Try to plan your applications early 8:55 6. Choosing where to apply 11:18 7. Should I email faculty members? 13:30 8. What to put in personal statements 14:41 9. Getting letters of recommendation 17:50 10. After your application is sent 21:33 ::More about this Video:: ► National Science Foundation (NSF) supported Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) programs in astronomy: https://www.nsf.gov/crssprgm/reu/list_result.jsp?unitid=5045 ► List of astronomy US/Canadian astronomy programs and their present requirements in regard to the GRE: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19UhYToXOPZkZ3CM469ru3Uwk4584CmzZyAVVwQJJcyc/edit ► Information on the GRE test dates: https://www.ets.org/gre/revised_general/register/centers_dates/ ► Application fee waiver information for Columbia Graduate School of Arts & Sciences (GSAS): https://gsas.columbia.edu/degree-programs/admissions/application-fee-waivers ► Regarding Columbia University Department of Astronomy's fee waiver program, see http://www.astro.columbia.edu/grad/intro. ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy's application information: http://www.astro.columbia.edu/grad/admissions ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by Da

Extreme!!! Everyone loves extreme stuff and astronomers are no different. When it comes to telescopes, size matters. Moiya McTier goes through the biggest telescopes around and what astronomers are planning for in the next few decades. But increasingly astronomers are realizing that we can't just put telescopes wherever we want, the locals may not want us to construct gigantic machines on what can sometimes be sacred ground... ::More about this Video:: ► Green Bank Observatory: http://greenbankobservatory.org ► GMT: https://www.gmto.org ► TMT: https://www.tmt.org ► E-ELT: https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/elt/ ► Arecibo drone footage by DJI 101: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBLgYXytaP0 ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com A note on comments- we always love to engage with you down below but aggressive, inappropriate, hostile and trolling comments directed at our junior scientists especially will be removed. ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

After discovering thousands of planetary systems orbiting other stars, we are finally at a point where we can start looking at the patterns we see to hopefully understand how they formed. But hold the phone - because maybe the configurations we see are nothing but purely random. Dynamical evolution tends to disorder initially pristine systems, so do planets even still remember how they formed? Is the ordered nature of the Solar System typical or rare? This week we dive into these questions by discussing a new research paper by Prof Kipping on the topic. ::More about this Video:: ► Kipping (2017), "Do planets remember how they formed?": https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.04987 ► GitHub repo of the microstate visualizations: https://github.com/CoolWorlds/exoinformatics ► Cake number: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cake_number ► Eulerian number: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian_number ► Kepler Orrey by Dan Fabrycky: http://astro.uchicago.edu/~fabrycky/kepler/ ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by 8-bit Universe "Harder Better Faster Stronger [8 Bit Cover Tribute to Daft Punk]": https://8bituniverse.bandcamp.com/track/harder-better-faster-stronger-8-bit-tribute-to-daft-punk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

The Nobel Prize for Physics 2017 was announced this week and astronomers won the day! So who won the prize and why? This week Dr Nick Stone swung by the Cool Worlds Lab to tell us about the historic discovery of graviational waves from merging black holes and how this year's winner pioneered methods to discover them. ::More about this Video:: ► Nobel Prize in Physics 2017 announcement: https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/phys… ► Abbott et al. (2016), "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger": https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 ► Barish & Weiss (1999), "LIGO and the Detection of Gravitational Waves": http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/magazine/physicstoday/article/52/10/10.1063/1.882861 ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by 8-bit Universe "Harder Better Faster Stronger [8 Bit Cover Tribute to Daft Punk]": https://8bituniverse.bandcamp.com/track/harder-better-faster-stronger-8-bit-tribute-to-daft-punk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

It's story time at the Cool Worlds Lab as we recount the recent amazing tale of GW 170817. A tale of two cosmic siblings who lived, died and then finally merged together to create one of the spectacular astronomy discoveries of all time. Featuring massive stars, supernovae explosions, colliding dead stars and even dinosaurs (!) - sit down, relax and enjoy the tale of GW 170817... ::More about this Video:: ► M. R. Drout et al. 2017, "Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesis", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/16/science.aaq0049.full ► B. J. Shappee et al. 2017, "Early spectra of the gravitational wave source GW170817: Evolution of a neutron star merger", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aaq0186.full ► M. M. Kasliwal et al. 2017, "Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aap9455.full ► G. Hallinan et al. 2017, "A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aap9855.full ► P. A. Evans et al. 2017, "Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonova", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aap9580.full ► J. S. Bloom and S. Sigurdsson 2017, "A cosmic multimessenger gold rush", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aaq0321.full ► C. D. Kilpatrick et al. 2017, "Electromagnetic evidence that SSS17a is the result of a binary neutron star merger", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aaq0073.full ► D. A. Coulter et al. 2017, "Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave source", Science: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/10/13/science.aap9811.full ► Thumbnail image f

In just a few days, the Hubble Space Telescope will be observing a star that we have claimed possesses the most compelling exomoon candidate found to date, Kepler-1625b-i. The hope is that Hubble will either confirm or deny the existence of our candidate. Having invested so many years of effort into this hunt, we are faced with a situation well-trodden by many previous scientists - when your personal investment threatens your objectivity. In a somewhat different video to usual, I decided to walk through some of my thoughts on this in the build up to our analysis and how, at least for me, I work to remain as objective as I can. ::More about this Video:: ► Catch up about Kepler-1625b here: https://youtu.be/8V9QHn5oHMs ► You can read about earlier false exomoon positives at https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.7028 and https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.05555 ► Nature article on Jan Hendrik Schön available here: http://www.nature.com/news/2002/020923/full/news020923-9.html ► Thumbnail image is of Skellig Michael from Adevnturous Kate: http://www.adventurouskate.com/skellig-michael-irelands-most-striking-destination/ ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Intro clip is Bertrand Russell (1870-1972) being interviewed on "Face to Face" in 1959: catch the full clip here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bZv3pSaLtY ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

New research freshly baked from the Cool Worlds Lab! Emily Sandford's new paper shows how we can actually use planets to learn about the stars they go around in an important new piece of work. When we use planets to learn about stars, we call them "stellar anchors", since they lock down the stellar properties. This flips a classic mantra on it's head, know the star know the planet becomes know the planet know the star. Emily explains all in this week's Cool Worlds video. ::More about this Video:: ► Emily Sandford & David Kipping 2017, "Know the Planet, Know the Star: Precise Stellar Densities from Kepler Transit Light Curves", AJ accepted: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.07293 ► Sara Seager & Gabrielle Mallen-Ornelas 2003, "On the Unique Solution of Planet and Star Parameters from an Extrasolar Planet Transit Light Curve", ApJ, 585, 1038: https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0206228 ► Scientific American article on our work, "Astronomers Use Shadowy Alien Worlds to Peer Inside Stars": https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/astronomers-use-shadowy-alien-worlds-to-peer-inside-stars/ ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by 8-bit Universe "Harder Better Faster Stronger [8 Bit Cover Tribute to Daft Punk]": https://8bituniverse.bandcamp.com/track/harder-better-faster-stronger-8-bit-tribute-to-daft-punk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS

Astronomers are in a frenzy pointing their telescopes an alien visitor - the first asteroid which appears to have originated from outside the Solar System. So what do we know about this object, called 'Oumuamua, so far and how special is it really? ► Meech et al. (2017), "Discovery and Characterization of the First Known Interstellar Object": https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso1737/eso1737a.pdf ► Jewitt et al. (2017), "Interstellar Interloper 1I/2017 U1: Observations from the NOT and WIYN Telescopes": https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.05687 ► Schneider (2017), "Is 1I/2017 U1 really of interstellar origin?": https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.05735 ► Bannister et al. (2017), "Col-OSSOS: Colors of the Interstellar Planetesimal 1I/2017 U1 in Context with the Solar System" https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06214 ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Background music by Thomas Bergersen "Final Frontier": http://www.thomasbergersen.com ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!

In 2016, Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown shook up the field of planetary science when they proposed an additional planet in the outer Solar Sytsem: "Planet Nine". Since that time, Konstantin, Mike and many others have been working hard to flesh out and verify the hypothesis. Konstantin swung by the Cool Worlds Lab this week to tell us about his most recent work on Planet Nine and the latest from observational search efforts. ::More about this Video:: ► Konstantin Batygin Twitter: @kbatygin ► Konstantin Batygin personal website: https://www.konstantinbatygin.com ► Konstantin Batygin & Alessandro Morbidelli 2017, "Dynamical Evolution Induced by Planet Nine", AJ accepted: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.01804 ► Konstantin Batygin & Michael Brown 2016, "Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System", AJ, 151, 22: https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.05438 ► Michael Brown & Konstantin Batygin 2016, "Observational constraints on the orbit and location of Planet Nine in the outer solar system", ApJ, 824, 23: https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05712 ► Matthew Holman & Matthew Payne 2016, "Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Cassini Range Observations", AJ, 152, 94: https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.03180 ► Benjamin Bromley & Scott Kenyon 2016, "Making Planet Nine: A Scattered Giant in the Outer Solar System", ApJ, 826, 64: https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08010 ► Scott Kenyon & Benjamin Bromley 2016, "Making Planet Nine: Pebble Accretion at 250--750 AU in a Gravitationally Unstable Ring", ApJ, 825, 33: https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.08008 ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by 8-bit Universe "Harder Better Faster Stronger [8 Bit Cover Tribute to Daft Punk]": https://8bituniverse.bandcamp.com/track/harder-better-faster-stronger-8-bit-tribute-to-daft-punk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research

Earlier this year we found our most compelling exomoon candidate to date, Kepler-1625b-i. Although the signal of what would be the first exomoon looked pretty good, we remain skeptical about the reality of the object given that we only saw three transits during the entire four years of Kepler. You might recall we applied for some Hubble Space Telescope time, which we have been busy analyzing for the last couple of months. Here's a quick update on our progress! ::More about this Video:: ► Teachey & Kipping (2017), "HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I": https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.08563 ► Alex's SciAm blog article: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/are-astronomers-on-the-verge-of-finding-an-exomoon/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciam%2Fspace+%28Topic%3A+Space%29 ► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: http://www.astro.columbia.edu ► Cool Worlds Lab website: http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu ► Outro music by 8-bit Universe "Harder Better Faster Stronger [8 Bit Cover Tribute to Daft Punk]": https://8bituniverse.bandcamp.com/track/harder-better-faster-stronger-8-bit-tribute-to-daft-punk ::Playlists For Channel:: Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► http://bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds Cool Worlds Research ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch Guest Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsGuests Q&A Videos ► http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsQA Tabby's Star ► http://bit.ly/TabbysStar Science of TV/Film ► http://bit.ly/ScienceMovies ::Follow us:: SUBSCRIBE to the channel http://bit.ly/CoolWorldsSubscribe Cool Worlds Lab http://coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu Twitter https://twitter.com/david_kipping Instagram https://www.instagram.com/cool.worlds THANKS FOR WATCHING!!