Revolutions

In 1625 Charles Stuart became king of England, Scotland and Ireland. His relationship with Parliament immediately got off on the wrong foot.

In the 1630s, King Charles ruled without Parliament. His financial policies and religious innovations annoyed many of his subjects.

The Scots revolted after Charles tried to impose the Book of Common Prayer, forcing the King to recall Parliament.

The Long Parliament convened in November 1640. Tensions ran high as Parliamentary leaders tried to assert control over the State.

A brief description of the soldiers who fought in the English Civil Wars.

After negotiations with Parliament broke down, King Charles raised his standard in August, 1642. The opening campaigns of the First Civil War tilted in the Royalists favor.

In late 1643, Parliament sealed a military alliance with the Scots. Their combined force defeated the Royalists at Marston Moor.

After years of muddling along, Parliament created a more professional army. They finally defeated King Charles at Nasbay in June 1645.

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After the Battle of Naseby ended the King's chances for military victory, he became the frustrating center of post-war negotiations.

As the New Model Army debated the merits of constitutional democracy, King Charles was scheming to put himself back on the throne.

After Pride's Purge, Charles I was executed by the Rump Parliament on January 30, 1649. Then Cromwell invaded Ireland.

Charles II raised an army of Scots to help him claim the throne, but they were defeated by Oliver Cromwell at Dunbar and Worcester.

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For someone who was born free John Lilburne sure spent a lot of time in prison

God wanted me to tell you that property is theft.

In 1653 Oliver Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament dissolved itself. The Commonwealth was not getting off to a great start.

The Instrument of Government was the first written constitution in English history.

The dissolution of the First Protectorate Parliament led to the brief and unpopular Rule of the Major Generals. When the Second Protectorate Parliament was finally called they tried to make Oliver Cromwell king.

After the Puritans came to power they tried to abolish Christmas. Seriously.

Oliver Cromwell died on September 3, 1658. His son and heir Richard was iunable to hold the Protectorate together.

After serving in Parliament and the courts of both Charles I and Charles II, Edward Hyde wrote a massively influential history of the English Civil Wars.

The English Monarchy was restored in 1660.